PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Word Studies in the New Testament — Volume 1
Vincent, Marvin R., 1834-1922 · 249,236 words · 415 reading sections
By His Pupil And Friend
The Library SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY AT CLAREMONT WEST FOOTHILL AT COLLEGE AVENUE CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA 0 Sh akel, i ee ve WORD STUDIES 4 THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS ACTS OF THE APOSTLES EPISTLES OF PETER, JAMES, AND JUDE Ta phpara & éya AedAGAnKS bly Tvedpud ear Kat Swy cot, “The words that I have spoken unto you are …
700 wordsSECTION 2PREFACE. vii
the original sentence is throbbing with a life of its own, and aglow with the fascination of a personal history. This is rather the work of the commentator; and not of the commentator who explains the meaning and the relation of verses and chap- ters, but of one who deals with words in detail, and tells their indi…
693 wordsSECTION 3PREFACE. ix
ing the separate words and phrases of the New Testament, is not thrown away, and issues in a larger result than the mere accumulation of curious lore. Even as nature fills in the space between the foreground and the background of her land- Scapes with countless details of form and color, light and shadow, so the r…
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6. He may be made to understand the reasons for many changes of rendering from an older version, which, on their face, seem to him arbitrary and useless. 7. He can be taught something of the characteristic usage of words and phrases by different authors, and may learn to de- tect, even through the English version,…
701 wordsSECTION 5PREFACE. xiii
As to materials, let it suffice to say that I have freely used whatever I have found serviceable. The book, however, is not a compilation. My plan has compelled me to avoid lengthy discussions and processes, and to confine myself mostly to the statement of results. In order to avoid encumbering the pages with a mu…
368 wordsSECTION 6List Of Authors And Editions,
Angus, Joseph: Commentary on the Epistle of Jude. New: York, 1883. Apocrypha, Greek and English. Bagster, London, 1871. Abbot, Ezra: Article ‘“‘ Gospels,” in Encyclopaedia Britannica. 9th edition. Arnold, W. T. : Roman Provincial Administration. London, 1879. Autenrieth, Géorg: Homeric Dictionary. New York, 1880.…
652 wordsSECTION 7List Of Authors And Editions,
Grote, George: History of Greece. 8 vols. London, 1862. Godet, F'. : Commentary on the Gospel of St. Luke, 3d edition, 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1879. Xvili LIST OF AUTHORS AND EDITIONS. Gibbon, Edward : Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. 8 vols. London, 1838. Grimm, Carlo L. W.: Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti. 2d ed…
655 wordsSECTION 8List Of Authors And Editions,
-Palgrave, William Gifford : Central and Eastern Arabia. Lon- don, 1873. Plutarch: Lives. Translated by A. H. Clough. 5 vols. Bos- ton, 1859. Phrynichus : Eclogae Nominum et Verborum Atticorum. Edited by C. A. Lobeck. Leipzig, 1820. Porter, J. L. ; Handbook for Syria and Palestine. New edition. 2 vols. London, i…
652 wordsSECTION 9Introduction.
Tischendorf, Constantine: Novum Testamentum Graece. 8th edition. Leipzig, 1878. Tregelles, S. P.: An Account of the Printed Text of the Greek New Testament. London, 1854. Westcott, Brooke Foss: Introduction to the Study of the Gos- pels. 5th edition. London, 1875. Westcott, Brooke Foss, and Hort, Fenton J. A.: Th…
468 wordsSECTION 102 Introduction.
he is the patron saint of any country, trade, or profession, un- less it be that of tax-gatherer or exciseman ; and this is perhaps the reason that, except where he figures as one of the series of evangelists or apostles, he isso seldom represented alone, or in devotional pictures. When he is portrayed as an evange…
374 wordsSECTION 11Introduction. 3
of the law and the prophecies; to connect the past with the present ; to show that Jesus was the Messiah of the Jews, and that in the Old Testament the New was prefigured, while in the New Testament the Old was revealed. Hence his gospel has a more decidedly Jewish flavor than any other of the synoptics. The sense…
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7, 10; xv. 4, 8,9. He exhibits the law of Christ, not only as the fulfilment of the Mosaic law, but in contrast with it, as is illustrated in the Sermon on the Mount. Yet, while represent- ing the new law as gentler than the old, he represents it, at the same time, as more stringent (see v. 28, 32, 34, 39, 44). His…
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sion of many Jewish converts when the hostility became inten- sified shortly before and during the siege of Jerusalem—this may well explain one side of Matthew’s gospel; and the other side (the condemnation of ‘ lawlessness ’) might find an explana- tion in a reference to Hellenizing Jews, who (like some of the Co…
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Matthew is less characteristic in style than in arrangement and matter. The orderly, business-like traits which had been fos- tered by his employment as a publican, appear in his methodical arrangement and grouping of his subject. His narrative is more sober and less graphic than either Mark’s or Luke’s. The pict- …
398 wordsSECTION 15Introduction. (
Mark : mpauteprov, pretorium ; Kivoos, tribute ; bpayeddow, to scourge ; also covotadta, guard, peculiar to him alone. He frequently uses the words to come or go (rpocépxYopar, mropéve) after the oriental manner, to expand his narrative ; as, when the tempter came he said (iv. 8); @ centurion came beseech- ing (vi…
421 wordsSECTION 16Superscription.
Whether or not the perception of this fact may have combined to produce this reticence, with the humility engendered by his contemplation of his Lord, certain it is that the evangelist himself is completely hidden behind the bold, broad masses in which are depicted the Messiah of Jewish hope, the Saviour of mankin…
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Ver. 1. Christ (Xpicros). Properly an adjective, not a noun, and meaning anointed (yplm, to anoint). It is a translation of the Hebrew dZesszah, the king and spiritual ruler from David’s race, promised tnder that name in the Old Testament (Ps. ii. 2; Dan. ix. 25, 26). Hence Andrew says to Simon, “ We have found th…
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12 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. L 6. David the king (rov Aaveld tov Bacrréa, “ the David, the king”). Both words are thus emphasized: the David from whom Christ, if he were the Messiah, mst have descended ; the king with whom the Messiah’s genealogy entered upon the kingly dignity. In this genealogy, wh…
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* A full discussion of the classical usage would require an essay. The critical student is referred to the article BovacoSa in Schmidt’s Synonymik der Griechischen Sprache, vol. iii., p. 602. See, also, the art, Sér, in Grimm's Clavis Nov. Test. His classification of meanings, however, needs careful re- vision. 14…
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To make a public example (deyparicas). The word is kindred to detxvups, to exhibit, display, pornt out. Here, there- fore, to expose Mary to public shame (Wye., publish her; Tyn., defame her). The word occurs in Coloss. ii. 15, of the victo- rious Saviour displaying the vanquished powers of evil as a general displ…
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It is no mere fancy which sees a suggestion and a foreshadow- ing of the prophetic work of Jesus in the economy of salvation, in a third name closely akin to the former. Hoshea, which we know in our English Bible as Hosea, was the original name of Joshua (compare Rom. ix. 25, Rev.) and means saving. He is, in a pe…
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CHALT Rey: 1. Bethlehem. Hebrew, House of Bread, probably from its fertility. The birthplace of him who calls himself the Bread of Life (John vi. 35), and identified with the history of his human ancestry through Ruth, who was here married to Boaz, and was the ancestress of David (i. 5, 6), and through David hims…
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Inquired diligently (jxp(Bacev). Better learned accurately. The verb is formed from dxpos, at the point or end. The idea is, therefore, he ascertained to the last point ; denoting the ex- actness of the information rather than the diligence of the search for it. Compare ver. 8, “Search out carefully” (axpt- Bas). …
428 wordsSECTION 24Cha Pit Errgale
1. In those days. The phrase is indefinite, but always points back to a preceding date ; in this case to the date of the settlement of the family at Nazareth. “In those days,” @e., some time during thie nearly thirty years since that settlement. John. Hebrew, meaning God has dealt graciously. Compare the German (o…
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9. These stones. Pointing, as he spoke, to the pebbles on the beach of the Jordan. 10. Is laid (xetras). Not, 7s applied, as “She layeth her hands to the spindle ” (Prov. xxxi. 19), but és lying. Is hewn down and cast. The present tense is graphic, denot- ing what is to happen at once and certainly. Cu. III.] MAT…
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Cu. IV.) MATTHEW. ON Spirit with the visible appearance of a dove must be sought for . . . Z it would lie in the acknowledgment of Jesus as the ideal typical Israelite, the representative of his people.” 1. The Devil (rod SaBorov). The word means calumniator slanderer. It is sometimes applied to men, as to Judas …
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Cx. IV.] MATTHEW. 99 one looked down from the summit of the roof, combining the two altitudes in one stretch of vision, he would be giddy, while his sight could not reach to such an immense depth.” This, in comparison with the northern wing, was so emphatically che wing of the temple as to explain the use of the a…
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18. The sea (rv Sddaccav). The small lake of Gennesa- ret, only thirteen miles long and six wide in its broadest part, ~ Cu. IV.] MATTHEW. 31 is called the sea, by the same kind of popular usage by which Swiss and German lakes are called See; as the Adngsee, the Trauensee. So, also, in Holland we have the Zuyder …
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Cu. V.] MATTHEW. 383 1. A mountain (7d épos). The Rev. recognizes the force of the definite article, and renders “ the mountain,” that particular mountain in the place where Jesus saw the multitudes. The mountain itself cannot be identified. Delitzsch calls the Mount of Beatitudes “The Sinai of the New Testament.”…
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Thus the word passed up into the higher region of Christian thought, and was stamped with the gospel signet, and laden with all the rich significance of gospel blessedness. It now takes on a group of ideas strange to the best pagan morality, and contradictory of its fundamental positions. Shaking itself loose from…
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As a human attribute, Aristotle defines it as the mean between stubborn anger and that negativeness of character which vs wn- capable of even righteous indignation: according to which it is tantamount to equanimity. Plato opposes it to fierceness or cruelty, and uses it of humanity to the condemned ; but also of t…
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farmed of the government the revenue from the importation of salt, brought over a great quantity from the marshes of Cyprus —enough, in fact, to supply the whole province for many years. This he had transferred to the mountains, to cheat the govern- ment out of some small percentage of duty. Sixty-five houses were…
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25. Agree with (09 edvodv). Lit., be well-minded towards ; inclined to satisfy by paying or compromising. Wye., Be thou consenting to. Cu. V.] MATTHEW. 41 Officer (imnpérn). Denoting a subordinate official, as a herald or an orderly, and in this sense applied to Mark as the “minister” or attendant of Paul and Bar…
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1. Of your Father (zapa). The A. V. implies the sowrce of the reward ; but the preposition means with, by the side of » so that the true sense is, reserved for you and awaiting you by the side of your Father. Rev., rightly, with. 2. Sound a trumpet (cadzicns). There seems to be no trace of any such custom on the p…
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iy tet \. 16. Ye fast (vnorevnte). Observe the force of the present tense as indicating action in progress: Whenever ye may be Sasting. Of a sad countenance (cxvIpwrol). An uncommon word in the New Testament, occurring only here and at Luke xxiv. 17. Cu. VI.] MATTHEW. 45 Trench (“Studies in the Gospels”) explain…
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22. Single (adods). The picture underlying this adjective is that of a piece of cloth or other material, neatly folded once, and without a variety of complicated folds. Hence the idea of simplicity or singleness (compare simplicity from the Latin sim- plex ; semel, once ; plicare, to fold). So, in a moral sense, ar…
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3. Beholdest (@rérevs). Staring at from without, as one who does not see clearly. Considerest (catavoés). A stronger word, apprehendest Srom within, what is already there. Cx. VIL] MATTHEW. AQ Mote (xapdos). A. V.and Rev. The word mote, however, suggests dust ; whereas the figure is that of a minute chip or spli…
681 wordsSECTION 38Challe Tps Vl.
Cu. VII.] MATTHEW. al 23. Profess (ouoroyrjow). The word which is used elsewhere of open confession of Christ before men (Matt. x. 32; Rom. x. 9); of John’s public declaration that he was not the Christ (John i. 20); of Herod’s promise to Salome in the presence of his guests (Matt. xiv. 7). Here, therefore, of Chr…
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6. Tormented (Sacamfdpevos). See on torments, Matt. iv: 24. 7. Heal (Separedcw). So A. V. and Rev. The word, how- ever, originally means ¢o attend, and to treat medically. ‘The centurion uses another and stronger word, shall be healed (ta9jcerat). Luke, who as a physician is precise in the use of medical terms, u…
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Fierce (xyanerol). Originally, dificult, hard. Nence hard to manage; intractable. 32. A steep place (rod xpnuvod). Much better the steep (Rey.). Not an overhanging precipice, but a steep, almost per- pendicular declivity, between the base of which and the water was a narrow margin of ground, in which there was not…
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36. Fainted (joav éoxvaApévor). Rev., better, were distressed. Note the verb with the participle, denoting their habitual con- dition. The word orginally means to flay, rend, or mangle. ANschylus uses it of the tearing of dead bodies by fish (“‘ Persae,” 577). As appropriate to the figure of sheep, it might be ren-…
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Cu. X.] MATTHEW. 59 (ch. xiil.): “ Likewise a true teacher, he also is worthy like the workman, of his support... Every first-fruit, then, of the products of wine-press and threshing-floor, of oxen and sheep, thou shalt take and give to the prophets, for they are your high-priests. If thou makest a baking of bread…
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Cu. X.] . a MATTHEW. 61 worst of demons. Beelzebul was Beelzibbul. What, then, might his household expect at their hands?” (“ Life and Times of Jesus”’). 27. Preach («npvEate). Better Rev., proclaim. See on Matt. iv. 17. 29. Sparrows (crpov9ia). The word is a diminutive, Jctéle sparrows, and carries with it a to…
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Cu. XI. MATTHEW. 63 events. The figure itself was borrowed from the practice which compelled criminals to bear their own cross to the place of execution. His cross: his own. All are not alike. There are different crosses for different disciples. The English pro- verb runs: “ Every cross hath its inscription”—the n…
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16. Children (adéous). Diminutive, little children. The Rey. Donald Fraser gives the picture simply and vividly: “ He pictured a group of little children playing at make-believe mar- riages and funerals. First they acted a marriage procession ; some of them piping as on instruments of music, while the rest were ex…
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27. Are delivered (maped09n). More lit., were delivered, as of a single act at a given time, as in this case, where the Son was sent forth by the Father, and clothed with authority. Com- pare xxviii. 18. Knoweth (érvywooke). The compound indicating full knowledge. Others behold only in part, “through a glass, dar…
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Ye shall find (eipyjcere). Compare J will give you and ye shall find. The rest of Christ is twofold—given and found. It is given in pardon and reconciliation. It is found under the yoke and the burden; in the development of Christian experi- ence, as more and more the “strain passes over ” from self to Christ. “No…
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1. Time (xaip@). Rev., season. The word implies a par- ticular time ; as related to some event, a convenient, appropriate time ; absolutely, a particular point of time, or a particular sea- son, like spring or winter. Corn (cropipwv). From ozelpa, to sow. Properly, as Rey., cornfields. 2. What is not lawful. “On …
650 wordsSECTION 49Chapter Xii.
29. Of a strong man (roi icyupod). Rev. rightly gives the force of the article, the strong man. Christ is not citing a gen- eral illustration, but is pointing to a specific enemy—Satan. How can I despoil Satan without first having conquered him ? Goods (cxevn). The word originally means a vessel, and so mostly in …
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9. Shore (aiyiandov). Rev., beach, that over which the sea (ars) rushes (aicoe). The word for shore, axtn, on which the sea breaks (dyvups), is never used in the New Testament. Wyce., brink. 74, WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cu. XIII. _ 8, Parables (crapaBonais). From apd, beside, and Badrw, to throw. A par…
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The term parable, however, as employed in ordinary Chris- tian phraseology, is limited to those utterances of Christ which are marked by a complete figurative history or narrative. It is thus defined by Goebel (“ Parables of Jesus”). “A narrative moving within the sphere of physical or human life, not pro- fessing…
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5. Stony places. Not ground covered with loose stones, but a hard, rocky surface, covered with a thin layer of soil. 7. Sprang up. The seed, therefore, fell, not among stand- ing thorns, but among those beneath the surface, ready to spring up. Trench (“ Parables”) cites a striking parallel from Ovid, de- scribing…
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91. Dureth for a while (arpdcxaipds éorw ). Rev., endureth. Lit., 2s temporary: thus bringing out the guality of the hearer. He is a creature of circumstances, changing as they change. Wyc., és temporal, with explanation, lasteth but a little tume. For (88), Rev. better, and, for the following clause does not give…
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Gathered of every kind. Compare the graphic passage in Homer (“ Odyssey,” xxii., 384-389) of the slain suitors in the halls of Ulysses. 6 82 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. XIV. ‘* He saw that all had fallen in blood and dust, Many as fishes on the shelving beach, Drawn from the hoary deep by those who t…
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Swell with the wine.” Sat. v., 180-183. 84 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. XIV. Before (év 6 péow.) Rev, in the midst. Wyce., leaped in the middle. 7. He promised (@pyoroynoev.) Lit., confessed; conveying the idea of acknowledging the obligation of his oath. Salome had degraded herself to perform the par…
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22. Constrained. Implying the disciples’ reluctance to leave him behind. 24. Tossed (Bacavtopuevov). Rev., better, distressed. See on Matt. iv. 24. 26. A spirit (bavtacwa). Of which our word phantasm is a transcription. Rev., rather stiffly, apparition. Wyc., phan- tom. 29. To go to (éAJetv mpos). But some of th…
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6. Have made of none effect (nxupdcare). Rev., made void ; a, not, Kdpos, authority. Ye have deprived it of its authority. 7. Well (xadrds). Admirably. 8. Is far (dméyer). Lit., holds off from me. 19. Out of the heart. Compare Plato. “For all good and evil, whether in the body or in human nature, originates, as …
622 wordsSECTION 58Chapter Xvi.
2. Fair weather (edd/a), Colloquial. Looking at the even- ing sky, a man says to his neighbor, “Fine weather: ” and in the morning (ver. 3), “Storm to-day ” (orjpepov vera). 3. Lowering (ctvyvdtwv). The verb means to have a gloomy look. Dr. Morison compares the Séotch gloaming or glooming. Oranmer, the sky is gloo…
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The reference to Simon himself is confirmed by the actual relation of Peter to the early church, to the Jewish portion of which he was a foundation-stone. See Acts, i. 15; ii. 14, 387; iii. 12; iv. 8; v. 15, 29; ix. 34, 405; x. 25, 26; Gal. i. 18. CHa XVE4 : MATTHEW. 93 Church (éxxdoiav), éx, out, Kar€éw, to call …
854 wordsSECTION 60Chapter Xvi.
Cua. XVI.J MATTHEW. 95 ger, shall arise after he shall have passed through the shadowy realm of Sheol. “A judgment in Hades, in which the judge will show himself his friend, in which all the tangled skein of his life will be unravelled by wise and kindly hands, and the insoluble problem of his strange and self-con…
681 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1887); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.