138 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. XXVI.
22. Began to say (#p£avro). Denoting the commencement of a series of questions ; one after the other (every one) saying, Ls wt 1?
Is it 1? (usjre eyo edus). The form of the negative expects a negative answer. ‘ Surely I ain not the one.”
23. The dish (tpvBrAl‘@). Wyc., platter. A dish containing a broth made with nuts, raisins, dates, figs, etc., into which pieces of bread were dipped.
25. Which betrayed (6 apadvddus). The article with the participle has the force of an epithet: Zhe betrayer.
28. Testament (Scadj«ns). From Scard9nwe, to distribute e dispose of. ence of the disposition of one’s property. On the idea of disposing or arranging is based that of settlement or agreement, and thence of @ covenant. The Hebrew word of which this is a translation is primarily covenant, from a yerb meaning to cut. Hence the phrase, to make a covenant, in connection with dividing the victims slain in ratification of covenants (Gen. xv. 9-18). Covenant is the general Old Tes- tament sense of the word (1 Kings xx. 34; Isa. xxviii. 15; 1 Sam. xviii. 3); and so in the New Testament. Compare Mark xiv. 24; Lukei.72; xxii. 20; Acts iii. 25; vii. 8. Bishop Lightfoot, on Gal. iii. 15, observes that the word is never found in the New Testament in any other sense than that of covénant, with the exception of Heb. ix. 15-17, where it is testament. We cannot admit this exception, since we regard that passage as one of the best illustrations of the sense of covenant. See on Heb. ix. 15-17. Render here as Rev., covenant.
Is shed (éeyurvdpevov). The present participle, 2s being shed. Christ’s thought goes forward to the consummation.
29. New («aivov). Another adjective, vedv, is employed to denote new wine in the sense of Sreshly-made (Matt. ix. 17; Mark ii. 22; Luke vy. 37, 88,39). The difference is between
Cu. XXVI.] MATTHEW. 189
newness regarded in point of ¢2me or of quality. The young, for instance, who have lately sprung up, are véou or vedtepos (Luke xv. 12, 13). The new garment (Luke v. 36) is contrasted as to quality with a worn and threadbare one. Hence xawot. So a new heaven (2 Pet. iii. 13) is kauvds, contrasted with that which shows signs of. dissolution. The tomb in which the body of Jesus was laid was cawov (Matt. xxvii. 60); in which no other body had lain, making it ceremonially unclean; not recently hewn. ‘Trench (“Synonyms”) cites a passage from Polybius, relating a stratagem by which a town was nearly taken, and saying “we are still new (xawol) and young (véor) in regard of such deceits.” Here xawot expresses the inexperience of the men; véou, their youth. Still, the distinction cannot be pressed in all cases. Thus, 1 Cor. v. 7, “Purge out the old leaven that ye may be a new (véov) lump ;” and Col. iii. 10, “ Put on the new (véov) man,” plainly carry the sense of gualzty. In our Lord’s expression, ‘drink it new,” the idea of quality is domi- nant. All the elements of festivity in the heavenly kingdom will be of a new and higher quality. In the New Testament, besides the two cases just cited, véos is applied to wine, to the young, and once to @ covenant.
30. Sung ahymn. Very probably the second part of the Jewish Halle or Hallelujah, embracing Ps. cxv., exvi., exvil., CXViii.
They went out. In the original institution of the Pass- over it was enjoined that no one should go out of his house until morning (Exod. xii. 22). Evidently this had ceased to be regarded as obligatory.
32. | will go before you. The thought links itself with what Christ had just said about the shepherd and the sheep. Compare John x.4. I will go before you, as a shepherd before his flock.