22. Wickedness (crovnpiat). Plural. Rev., wickednesses. From roveiv, to toil. The adjective wovnpds means, first, op- pressed by toils ; then tn bad case or plight, from which it runs into the sense of morally bad. This conception seems to have been associated by the high-born with the life of the lower, laboring, slavish class; just as our word nave (like the Ger- man nave from which it is derived) originally meant simply a boy or a servant-lad. As movos means hard, vigorous labor, battle for instance, so the adjective zrovnpds, in a moral sense, indicates actwe wickedness. So Jeremy Taylor: “ Aptness to do shrewd turns, to delight in mischiefs and tragedies; a loving to trouble one’s neighbor and do him ill offices.” Iovnpds, therefore, is dangerous, destructive. Satan is called 6 rovnpés, the wicked one. Kaxos, evil (see evil thoughts, ver. 21), character- izes evil rather as defect : “'That which is not such as, accord- ing to its nature, destination, and idea it might be or ought to be” (Cremer). Hence of incapacity in war ; of cowardice (kaxia). Kaxos dodros, the evil servant, in Matt. xxiv. 48, is a servant wanting in proper fidelity and diligence. Thus the thoughts are styled evil, as being that which, in their nature and purpose, they ought not to be. Matthew, however (xv. 19), calls these thoughts sovnpot, the thoughts in action, taking shape in purpose. Both adjectives occur in Apoe. xvi. 2.
Cu. VIL] MARK. 203
Lasciviousness (dcédyeva). Derivation unknown. It in- cludes lasciviousness, and may well mean that here; but is often used without this notion. In classical Greek it is defined as violence, with spiteful treatment and audacity. As in this passage its exact meaning is not implied by its being classed with other kindred terms, it would seem better to take it in as wide a sense as possible—that of lawless insolence and wanton caprice, and to render, with Trench, wantonness, sinee that word, as he remarks, “stands in remarkable ethical connec- tion with doédyeva, and has the same duplicity of meaning” (Synonyms of the New Testament”). At Rom. xiii. 18, where lasciviousness seems to be the probable meaning, from its association with chambering (koitas), it is rendered wanton- ness in A. V. and Rev., as also at 2 Pet. ii. 18.
Evil eye (669aAuds mrovnpos). A malicious, mischief-work- ing eye, with the meaning of positwe, injurious activity. See on wickednesses.
Blasphemy (Pracdnulia). The word does not necessarily imply blasphemy against God. It is used of reviling, calumny, evil-speaking in general. See Matt. xxvii. 89; Rom. iil. 8; xiv. 16; 1 Pet. iv. 4, ete. Hence Rev. renders raiding.
Pride (i7repndavia). From imép, above, and daivertat, to show one’s self. The picture in the word is that of a man with his head held high above others. It is the sin of an uplifted heart against God and man. Compare Prov. xvi. 5; Rom. xii. 16 (mind not high things); 1 Lim, i. 6.
24. Went away. See onch.vi.3l. The entering into the house and the wish to be secluded are peculiar to Mark.
95, Daughter (Suydpvov). Diminutive. Rev., ttle daugh- ter. See on ch. v. 23.
96. Syro-Phoenician. Phoenician of Syria, as distinguish- ed from a Libyo-Phoenician of North Africa, Libya being often used for Africa.
204 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cu. VIL. 27. Let the children first be filled. Peculiar to Mark. The dogs. Diminutive. See on Matt. xv. 26.
28. Mark adds under the table. The children’s crumbs. See on Matt. xv. 26. This would indicate that the little dogs were pet dogs of the children, their
MAStErs.
29, 30. Peculiar to Mark.
Laid (BeGrnpévov). Lit., thrown. She had probably ex- perienced some fearful convulsion when the demon departed. Compare Mark ix. 22, of the demon which possessed the boy : “Tt hath cast him, etc. (€Barev).” See also Mark i. 26; ix. 26.