gee on Matt. i. 1.
91. He straitly charged (évtiujoas). The word implies
Cu. IX.] LUKE. 234]
an emphatic, solemn charge; its meaning being, strictly, to lay a penalty upon one, and thence, to charge under penalty.
No man (undevi).~ The conditional negative: no man, who- ever he might be.
22-27. Compare Matt. xvi. 21-28 ; Mark viii. 31-38 ; ix. 1.
22. Be rejected (azrodoxuacdjvat). The verb means to re- ject on scrutiny or trial, and therefore implies deliberate rejec- tion.
Of the elders (dd). Lit., from the side of; on the part of.
23. Will come after (9€Aev). Not the future tense of the verb come, but the present of the verb to will: wills to come. See on Matt. i. 19; and Mark viii. 34. Rev., properly, would come.
Daily. Peculiar to Luke.
24. Will save (9é\n cdcat). The same construction as well come after (ver. 23). Rev., would save.
Life (uy). See on soul, Mark xii. 30.
25. Gain (xepdycas). A merchant’s word. Jesus is putting the case as a common-sense question of profit_and loss.
Lose (dmonécas). “When he might have been saved” (Bengel). This word, in classical Greek, is used: 1. Of death in battle or elsewhere. 2. Of laying waste, as a city or heritage. 3. Of losing of life, property, or other objects. As an active verb, to kill or demolish. 4. Of being demoralized, morally abandoned or ruined, as children under bad influences. In New Testament of Alling (Matt. ii. 13; xii. 14). Of destroying and perishing, not only of human life, but of material and intellect- ual things (1 Cor. i. 19; John vi. 27; Mark ii. 22; 1 Pet. i. 7; Jas. i. 11; Heb. i. 11). Of losing (Matt. x. 6, 42; Luke xv. 4, 6, 8). Of moral abandonment (Luke xv. 24, 32). Of the doom
342 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cu. IX.
of the impenitent (Matt. x. 28; Luke xiii. 3; John iii. 15; John x. 28; 2 Pet. iii. 9; Rom. ii. 12.
Cast away (fnpuiwdels). Another business term. The word means to fine, amerce, mulct ; to punish by exacting forfeit. Hence Rev., correctly, forfeit his own self. See on win your souls, Luke xxi. 19. Also on Matt, xvi. 26.
26. Shall be ashamed (éra:cyvvI9). The feeling expressed by this word has reference to incurring dishonor or shame in the eyesof men. It is “the grief a man conceives from his own im- perfections considered with relation to the world taking notice of them; grief upon the sense of disesteem ” (“ South,” cit. by Trench). Hence it does not spring out of a reverence for right in itself, but from fear of the knowledge and opinion of men. Thus in the use of the kindred noun aicydvn, shame, in the New Testament. In Luke xiv. 9, the man who impudently puts him- self in the highest place at the feast, and is bidden by his host to go lower down, begins with shame to take the lowest place ; not from a right sense of his folly and conceit, but from being humiliated in the eyes of the guests. Thus, Heb. xii. 2, Christ is said to have “endured the shame,” z.e., the public disgrace attaching to crucifixion. So, too, in the use of the verb, Rom. i. 16: “I am not ashamed of the gospel,” though espousing its cause subjects me tothe contempt of the Jew and of the Greek, to whom it is astumbling-block and foolishness. Onesiphorus was not ashamed to be known as the friend of a prisoner (2 Tim. i. 16). Compare Heb. ii. 11; xi. 16. It is used of the Son of Man here by a strong metaphor. Lzterally, of course, the glo- rified Christ cannot experience the sense of shame, but the idea at the root is the same. It will beas if he should feel himself disgraced before the Father and the holy angels in owning any fellowship with those who have been ashamed of him,