23. It came into his heart (dvéBn él rHv xapdlav). Lit., “<¢t arose into his heart.” “There may be something in the depth of the soul which afterward emerges and ascends from that sea into the heart as into an island” (Bengel). The ex-
| 480 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. VII.
pression is imitated from the Hebrew, and occurs in the Sep- tuagint: “The ark shall not come to mind ,;” lit., go up into the heart (Jer. iii. 16). See, also, Jer. xxxii. 35; Isa. lxv. 17.
24. Defended (jutvaro). Only here in New Testament. The word means originally to ward off from one’s self, with a collateral notion of requital or revenge.
25. Understood (curiévar). See on understanding, Mark xii. 33.
26. Appeared (#69). With the suggestion of a sudden appearance as in a vision; possibly with the underlying notion of a messenger of God. See on Luke xxii. 43.
Would have set them at one (cuvyracev avTovs eis eipnvny). Lit., drove them together to peace ; urged them.
31. The sight (76 dpaywa). Always in the New Testament of a vision. See on Matt. xvii. 9.
To behold (xatavojca:). See on Matt. vii. 3. Compare Luke xii. 24, 27.
32. Trembled (évtpopos yevopevos). Lit., having become trembling ; having fallen into a tremor.
34. | have seen, | have seen (idav cidov). Lit., having seen I saw. A Hebraism. See Exod. iii. 7 (Sept.). Compare Judg. i. 28: utterly drive them out; lit., removing did not utterly remove. Judg.iv.9: going I will go ; i.e., J will surely go. Gen. xxxvii. 8: reigning shalt thou reign; i.e., shalt thou indeed reign. So Rev. here, “I have surely seen.”
35. Deliverer (Autpwryv). Strictly, a ransomer or redeemer. Only here in New Testament, See on ransom, Matt. xx. 28; and redeemed, 1 Pet. i. 18,
Cu. VII.] THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. 481
By the hand (év yep). The best texts read ovp veupl, “with the hand ;” i.e., én association with the protecting and helping power of the angel.
38. Lively. Better, living, as Rev. Compare 1 Pet. ii. 4, 5.
39. Turned back in their hearts. Not desiring to go back, but longing for the idolatries of Egypt.
40. Shall go before us. As symbols to be borne before them on the march. Compare Neh. ix. 18.
41. They made a calf (éwocyoroincar). Only here in New Testament, and not in Septuagint. Bengel says, “A very noto- rious crime is denoted by an extraordinary and newly-coined word.” This was in imitation of the Egyptian bull-worship. Several of these animals were worshipped at different places in Egypt. Apis was worshipped at Memphis. Herodotus says: “ Now this Apis, or Epaphus, is the calf of a cow which is never afterward able to bear young. The Egyptians say that fire comes down from heaven upon the cow, which thereupon con- ceives Apis. The calf which is so called has the following marks: He is black, with a square spot of white upon his fore- head, and on his back the figure of an eagle. The hairs in his tail are double, and there is a beetle wpon his tongue” (iii., 28). He was regarded by the Egyptians, not merely as an emblem, but as a god. He was lodged in a magnificent court, orna- mented with figures twelve cubits high, which he never quitted except on fixed days, when he was led in procession through the streets. is festival lasted seven days, and all came for- ward from their houses to welcome him as he passed. He was not allowed to reach the natural term of his life. If a natural death did not remove him earlier, he was drowned when he reached the age of twenty-five, and was then embalmed and entombed in one of the sepulchral chambers of the Serapeum, a temple devoted expressly to the burial of these animals.