Cu. IL] THE SECOND GENERAL EPISTLE OF PETER. 701
Forbad (éxeAvoev). Rather, hindered, or, as Rev., stayed. Compare Acts viii. 36; Rom. i. 13, Rev.
Madness (rrapadpoviav). Only here in New Testament. But compare the kindred verb zapadpovéw (2 Cor. xi. 23), in the phrase, “J speak as a fool.” From apd, beside, and ¢pqn, the mind ; and so equivalent to the phrase, beside one’s self.
17. Wells (rnyat). Better, as Rev., springs ; yet the Rev. has retained weld at John iv. 14, where the change would have given more vividness to Christ’s metaphor, which is that of an ever upleaping, living fountain.
Without water. Asso often in the East, where the verd- ure excites the traveller’s hope of water. Compare Jer. ii. 13, and the contrast presented in Isa. lviii. 11; Prov. x.11; xiii. 14.
Clouds. The A. V. has followed the Tex. Rec., vepédat, as in Jude 12. The correct reading is éuiydas, mists, found only here in New Testament. So Rev.
With a tempest (i770 Aaldarros). Rev., by a storm. The word occurs only twice elsewhere—Mark iv. 37; Luke vii. 23— in the parallel accounts of the storm on the lake, which Jesus calmed by his word. There on the lake Peter was at home, as well as with the Lord on that occasion; and the peculiar word describing a whirlwind—one of those sudden storms so frequent on that lake (see note on the word, Mark iv. 87)—would be the first to occur to him. Compare Paul’s similar figure, Eph. iv. 14.
Blackness (fédos). See on ver. 4, and compare Jude 18.
Of darkness (rob oxétovs). Lit., the darkness, denoting a well-understood doom.
Is reserved (reri/pyrar). Lit., hath been reserved, as Rev. See on 1 Pet. i. 4; 2 Pet. ii. 4.
Forever. The best texts omit.
702 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cu. IT.
18. When they speak (dJeyyduevor). Rev., better, udter- ang. See on ver. 16.
Great swelling (i7époyca). Only here and Jude 16. The word means of excessive bulk. It accords well with the peculiar word wttering, since it denotes a kind of speech full of high- sounding verbosity without substance. PIeyyouevor, uttering, is significantly applied alike to Balaam’s beast and to these empty declaimers.
Entice. See ver. 14.
Were clean escaped. The A. V. follows the Tex. Rec., évT@s amoduyovtas ; dvTws meaning really, actually, as Luke xxiv. 84; and the participle being the aorist, and so meaning were escaped. But the best texts all read 6dlyws, in a Little degree, or just, or scarcely ; and amropevyovtas, the present par- ticiple, are escaping ; and denoting those who are in the early stage of their escape from error, and are not safe from it and confirmed in the truth. Hence, Rev., correctly, who are just escaping. °Ondéyos, only here.
19. Is overcome (frrnTav). Lit., 2s worsted ; from haocor, inferior. Only here, ver. 20, and 2 Cor. xii. 13.
Brought into bondage (dedovAwrar). Hnslaved. Compare Rom, vi. 16.
20. Pollutions (widcpata). Only here in New Testament. Compare ver. 10. The word is transcribed in méasma.
Entangled (€ua)axévtes). Only here and 2 Tim. ii. 4. The same metaphor occurs in Aeschylus (“ Prometheus”): “ For not on a sudden or in ignorance will ye be entangled (éumdey-
SnceoSe) by your folly in an impervious net of Ate (destruc- tion).”
22. According to the true proverb (7d ris dAnIobs mapot- pias). Lit., that of the true proverb, or the matter of the pro-
Cx. III] THE SECOND GENERAL EPISTLE OF PETER. 703
verb. For a similar construction see Matt. xxi. 21, that of the Jig-tree ; Matt. viii. 33, the things of those possessed. On proverb, see notes on Matt. xiii. 3.
Vomit (€&€paua). Only here in New Testament. Wallowing («cuvArcuov). Only here in New Testament.
Mire (Sop8dpov). Only here in New Testament. This use of dogs and swine together recalls Matt. vii. 6.