1. Carnal (capxivous). Made of flesh. See on Rom. vii. 14, and on flesh, Rom. vii. 5.
Babes (vnios). From vn not, and éros a word. Strictly, non-speakers. Compare the Latin infans. Strongly contrasted with perfect ; see on ch. ii. 6.
2. I fed (émrérica). Lit., J gave you to drink. An instance of the rhetorical figure zewgma, by which one verb is attached to two nouns, of which it only suits the meaning of one, but suggests a verb suitable for the other. Thus ‘gave to drink” is applied to meat as well as to milk. For another illustration see hindering (A. V. and Rev., forbidding), 1 Tim. iv. 3.
3. Carnal (capxuxot). Here the milder word is used (see ver. 1), having the nature of flesh. In ver. 1, Paul would say that he was compelled to address the Corinthians as unspiritual, made of flesh. Were he says that though they have received the Spirit in some measure, they are yet under the influence of the flesh.
4. Another (érepos). See on Matt. vi. 24. Not merely another, numerically, but another of different affinities and pre- possessions.
Carnal. The best texts read av9pwmo. men. Are ye not mere men ?
But ministers. Omit bud, and place the interrogations after Paul and Apollos, respectively, as Rev. For ministers see on Matt. xx. 26; Mark ix. 35. Servants, not heads of parties.
6. Planted —watered—gave the increase (ébvrevca — érdticev—nvgavev). The first two verbs are in the aorist tense, marking definite acts; the third is in the imperfect, marking the continued gracious agency of God, and possibly the simul- taneousness of His work with that of the two preachers. God
Cu. IIL] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS. 201
was giving the increase while we planted and watered. There is a parallel in the simultaneous work of Satan with that of the preachers of the word as indicated by the continuous presents in Matt. xiii. 19. See note there.
7. Anything. The devoted Angélique Arnauld, of Port Royal, when her sister condoled with her on the absence of her confessor, Singlier, replied: “I have never put a man in God’s place. He can have only what God gives him; and God gives him something for us only when it is His will that we should receive it through him.”
9. God’s. In this and the two following clauses, God is em- phatic. “ J¢ cs of God that ye are the fellow-workers.”
Husbandry (yedpyov). Rev., in margin, ¢2lled land. Only here in the New Testament. Bengel says: “ Embracing field, garden, and vineyard.”
Building (o/xodoum). Paul’s metaphors are drawn from the works and customs of men rather than from the works of nat- ure. “In his epistles,” says Archdeacon Farrar, “we only breathe the air of cities and synagogues.” The abundance of architectural metaphors is not strange in view of the magnifi- cent temples and public buildings which he was continually seeing at Antioch, Athens, Corinth, and Ephesus. His frequent use of to build and building in a moral and spiritual sense is noteworthy. In this sense the two words olkodouéw and oixodo- pH occur twenty-six times in the New Testament, and in all but two cases in Paul’s writings.* Peter uses bwild in a similar sense; 1 Pet. ii. 5. See edify, edification, build, Acts ix. 31; Rom. xv. 20; 1 Cor. viii. 1; 1 Cor. viii. 10, where emboldened is literally dwelt wp, and is used ironically. Also Rom. xiv. 19; xv. 2; 1 Cor. xiv. 3; Eph. ii. 21, ete. Itis worth noting that in the Epistle to the Hebrews, while the same metaphor occurs, differ- ent words are used. Thus in ch. iii. 3, 4, buclt, builded, represent katackevdtw to prepare. In ch. xi. 10, reyvirns artificer, and Snuvoupyos, lit., a workman for the public: A. V., builder and
* Dean Howson’s statement, in his ‘‘ Metaphors of St. Paul,” p. 24, is care- less and open to misapprehension.