PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Word Studies in the New Testament — Volume 3
Vincent, Marvin R., 1834-1922 · 203,474 words · 325 reading sections
In Addition To Those Cited In Volumes I. And Il
The Library SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY AT CLAREMONT WEST FOOTHILL AT COLLEGE AVENUE CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2021 with funding from Kahle/Austin Foundation https://archive.org/details/wordstudiesinnewOO03vinc Jia Y sem, an Ve NEW TeShAMENT VOLUME II. THE EPISTLES OF PAUL ROMANS…
654 wordsSECTION 2In Addition To Those Cited In Volumes I. And Il
Jebb, R. C.: The Oedipus Coloneus of Sophocles. Cambridge, 1885. Jebb, R. C.: The Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles. Cambridge, 1883. Kingsley, Charles: The Roman and the Teuton. London, 1864. Kingsley, Charles: Hypatia. London, 1874. Lange, J. P.: The Epistle of Paul to the Romans. Translated by J. F. Hurst, with A…
650 wordsSECTION 3The Epistle To The Romans,
Wordsworth, Christopher: Greece, Pictorial, Descriptive, and Historical. London, 1839. Weiss, Bernhard: A Manual of Introduction to the New Testa- ment. Translated by A. J. K. Davidson. 2 vols. New York, 1889. Weiss, Bernhard : Das Marcusevangelium und seine synoptischen Parallelen. Berlin, 1872. Young, Robert: …
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The truth of justification by faith is an Old-Testament truth, illustrated in the case of Abraham, and applicable to both Jews and Gentiles. The true seed of Abraham are those who fol- * Some, however, maintain that the epistle was written at Cenchreae, after Paul had left Corinth on his return toSyria. See notes o…
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The transitions are as easy and natural as the contrasts are sharp. The nervous but steady movement of chs. ii., iii., iv., suddenly subsides with the opening of ch. v., and one can pause and bare his forehead to the sweet air ere he begins upon the new ascent from ver. 12. The first words of the eighth chapter su…
409 wordsSECTION 6The First Epistle To The Corinthians.
The account of Paul’s first visit to Corinth is given in Acts xvii. He continued there a year and six months, going thence to Syria, and making a brief stay on his way to Jerusalem at Ephesus, to which he returned and remained for over two years. The church at Corinth became the most important of those founded by …
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appear uncovered? Might women speak and teach in public ? 4. Spiritual gifts. Which was the more important, speaking with tongues or preaching? What should be done when sev- eral began to speak at once? 5. The resurrection. Some maintained that it was purely spiritual and that it was already past. 6. They also des…
747 wordsSECTION 8The Second Epistle To The Corinthians.
It has been truthfully said that no portion of the New Test- ament discusses so directly the moral problems of that age or of our own. Many of the same questions emerge in the social and church-life of modern times. Such are the rally of cliques round popular preachers; the antithesis of asceticism and christian l…
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the floodgate. In the most indignant outburst the sense of suppression asserts itself. Indignation and irony never run into malediction. We cease to be surprised at the apostle’s capability of indignation when we catch glimpses, as we do throughout the epistle, into the depths of his tenderness. It is not strange …
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This name is given to the Epistles to the Philippians, Ephes- ians, Colossians, and Philemon, because they were composed during Paul’s first imprisonment at Rome. By a few critics they have been assigned to the period of the confinement at Caesarea. Paul arrived in Rome, under guard, after his shipwreck at Malta,…
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For Philippi, see on Philip. i. 1. With the arrival of Paul at Philippi (Acts xvi.), the Gospel entered Europe. On his departure he left Luke to complete the organization of the Church. He subsequently visited the city twice, after which we hear nothing of the Philippian church until he writes to it from his Roman…
599 wordsSECTION 12The Epistle To The Ephesians.
tical rules, it recalls us from these distractions to the very heart and centre of the Gospel—the life of Christ and the life in Christ. Here is the meeting-point of all our differences, the healing of all our feuds, the true life alike of individuals and sects and churches; here doctrine and practice are wedded to…
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serted the epistle in his canon as “the Epistle to the Ephes- ians;” and it is significant that no manuscript which omits “in Ephesus” substitutes “in Laodicaea.” The encyclical theory rests mainly on internal grounds, such as the general _tenor of the epistle, and the absence of personal reminiscences, appeals an…
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and pledged to them in the resurrection and exaltation of Christ (i. 15-22). The election, the call, the redemptive work, the adoption, the personal holiness, the knowledge and discernment—all find their embodiment in the Church, the body of Christ, in which the divine fulness dwells (i. 22, 23). The scope of thi…
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to the glory of the Father (iv. 7-16). In the thought that tne purpose of these gifts is the edifying of the body of Christ, the theme—the Church—is again sounded. Practical exhortations follow, to spiritual renewal, truthful- ness, peace, honesty, purity of speech and life, love, godly caution, temperance, holy m…
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The figure of a cathedral, into which Professor Longfellow has so finely cast his general conception of the “ Divina Commedia,” equally well, perhaps, even better, suits the Ephesian letter. If the expression may be allowed, that epistle is the veritable high-Gothic of sacred literature ; every line and detail carr…
352 wordsSECTION 17The Epistle To The Colossians.
For Colossae, see on Col. i. 2. The Gospel was first preached in the cities of the Lycus by Epaphras (Col. i. 7; iv. 12; Philem. 23), who may also have founded the churches there. The theory that the church at Colossae was founded by Paul has no sufficient foundation.* The church had never been personally visited …
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ecstasy and trance, its faith-cures, its gloomy asceticism, its pas- sion for martyrdom, and its savage intolerance, owed to Phry- gia its leader ; and the earlier name of the sect was “‘ the Sect of the Phrygians.” Under Antiochus the Great, two thousand Jewish families had been transplanted into Phrygia and Lydi…
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power of the Godhead, and thus reconciling and bringing into perfect unity all things in Himself (i. 19, 22; ii. 9, 10). The person of Christ is thus exhibited in two aspects, the cosmical and the theological, in its relations to the universe and to the Church. On the one hand, Christ is supreme in the creation an…
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hearty would be the sympathy of theologians with the revela- tions of science and the developments of history, if they habit- ually connected them with the operation of the same Divine Word, who is the centre of all their religious aspirations, it is needless to say.” * The doctrine of Christ as the true and only …
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that he could extract. Dr. Davidson denies the Pauline author- ship, and thinks it was written about 120 a.p. The assaults are, in part, on the same grounds as those against Ephesians—textual and grammatical departures from Paul’s style, unique forms of expression, and differences of idea. Against Colossians in par…
372 wordsSECTION 22The Epistle To Philemon.
“the absence of all personal connection with the Colossian church will partially, if not wholly, explain the diminished fluency of this letter. At the same time no epistle of Paul is more vigorous in conception or more instinct with meaning. It is the very compression of the thoughts which creates the difficulty. …
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as a Christian, far more valuable than he was as a pagan slave. Perhaps his flight was divinely permitted, in order that he might return to his master as a Christian brother. He hints delicately at Onesimus’ possible thefts, offering his personal security for the amount stolen, though intimating that Phile- mon is…
652 wordsSECTION 24Abbreviations.
The authenticity of the epistle is conceded. The assaults of Baur and Holtzmann require no notice. First Journey (Acts xiii., xiv.), av. 45-46. Starting from Antioch in Syria. Cyprus, Perga, Antioch in Pisidia, Iconium, Lystra and Derbe, Return to Iconium, Antioch in Pisidia, Perga, Attaleia, Syrian Antioc…
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Superscription (vv. 1, 2). Dr. Morison observes that the superscription is peerless for its wealth of theological idea. 1. Paul (IIaddos). A transcript for the Latin paulus or paullus, meaning little. It was a favorite name among the Cilicians, and the nearest approach in sound to the Hebrew Saul. According to som…
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2. Had promised afore (spoernyyetNato). Only here in the New Testament. Rev., He promised afore. Paul’s Old Testament training is manifest. Naturally, in beginning the more precise description of the new revelation, he refers first to its connection with ancient prophecy. The verb ézayyéAropat means more than to p…
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6. Ye also. As Romans among other Gentiles: not, callea as I am called. 7. In Rome (év ‘Payn). The words are omitted in a MS. of the tenth or eleventh century, and in a cursive * of the eleventh or twelfth. The words év’Edéom in Ephesus, are also omitted from Eph. i. 1, by two of the oldest MSS., on which fact ha…
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Throughout the whole world. Hyperbolical, but accord- ing with the position of the metropolitan church. Compare 1 Thess. i. 8. 9. I serve (Aatpevw). See on Luke i. 74. The word was used in a special sense to denote the service rendered to Jehovah by the Israelites as His peculiar people. See Rom. ix. 4; Acts xxvi…
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Cu. LJ THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. 9 [ might seem to be deterred by the contempt in which the Gospel is held, and by the prospect of my own humiliation as its preacher, I am not ashamed of it.” The transition occupies Vv. 16,217: The Gospel. Omit of Christ. Power (dvvayuis). Not merely a powerful means in God’s h…
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* Alen and its kindred words were derived by Aristotle from 8lxa twofold, the fundamental idea being that of an even relation between parts. Modern philologists, however, assign the words to the root dx, which appears in Selvume T show or point out. + This, however, is disputed by those who claim that the earlier s…
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* On the Greek conception of righteousness, see Nagelsbach, ‘‘ Homerische Theologie,” 139-207; Schmidt, ‘‘Synonymik der Griechischen Sprache,” i., 18 ; Gladstone, ‘‘ Homer and the Homeric Age,” ii., 423 sqq. ; Grote, ‘‘ History of Greece,” i., ch. xx. Cu. LJ THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. 13 sense than any other to Ma…
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Is revealed (amoxadvmrera). Emphasizing the peculiar . sense in which “righteousness” is used here. Righteousness as an attribute of God was revealed before the Gospel. Right- eousness in this sense is a matter of special revelation through the Gospel. The present tense describes the Gospel in its con- tinuous pro…
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Became vain (éuatamdInoav). Vain things (udTata) was the Jews’ name for idols. Compare Acts iv. 15. Their ideas and conceptions of God had no intrinsie value corresponding with the truth. “The understanding was reduced to work én vacuo. It rendered itself in a way futile” (Godet). Imaginations (Svadoyiopois). Rev.…
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Birds and beasts and creeping things. Deities of human form prevailed in Greece; those of the bestial form in Egypt; and both methods of worship were practised in Rome. See on Acts vii. 41. Serpent-worship was common in Chal- daea, and also in Egypt. The asp was sacred throughout the latter country. The worship of…
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That which is unseemly (tiv doynywootvny). Primarily, want of form, disfigurement. Plato contrasts it with edoyn- hootvn gracefuiness (‘ Symposium,” 196). Which was meet (édev). Rey., was due, which is better, though the word expresses a necessity in the nature of the case —that which must needs be as the conseque…
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** Covetise That eggeth folk in many a guise To take and yeve (give) right nought again, And great treasoures up to laine (lay). And that is she that maketh treachours, And she maketh false pleadours. Full crooked were her hondes (hands) two, For Covetise is ever woode (violent) To grippen other folkes goode.”?…
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1. O man. General, but still with a general and slightly reproachful reference to the Jew. Judgest (cpivwv). With the sense of condemning. 2. The judgment (7s xpiua). Not the act, but the con- tents of the judgment. 3. Reckonest (Aoyif). See on 1 Pet. v.12. Intimating a process of reasoning. Thou shalt escape. Z…
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Shall be judged («pi9jcovrar). The antithesis shall perish suggests a condemnatory judgment. There is no doubt that the simple «pivw is used in the New Testament in the sense of condemning. See John iii. 18; 2 Thess. ii. 12; Heb. xiii. 4 The change from perish to judge is suggested by by the law. “The Jews alone w…
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Being instructed (catnyovpevos). Systematically through catechetical and synagoguic instruction. See on Luke i. 4. This formal instruction is the basis of the critical discrimina- tion. 20. Instructor (adeut7v). Rev., corrector. Better, be- cause emphasizing the element of descipline or training. See on chastise,…
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25. Breaker of the law (apaS8drns). Rev., transgressor. See on Jas. ii. 11. Thy circumcision is made uncircumcision. “ But if any citizen be found guilty of any great or unmentionable wrong, either in relation to the gods, or his parents, or the state, let the judge deem him to be incurable, remembering what an e…
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Overcome (w«rjons). Rev., prevail. Gain the case. The word occurs only three times outside of John’s writings. When thou art judged (ev ta xpivec9al ce). Rev., when thou comest into judgment.* 5. Commend (cuvicrnow). Only twice outside of Paul’s writings, Luke ix. 32; 2 Pet. iii. 5, both in the physical sense. Li…
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Cu. IIL.] THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. 35 We have before proved (mpontiacdueSa). The reference is not to logical proof, but to forensic accusation. The simple verb means to charge as being the cause (aitia) of some evil: hence to accuse, impeach. Rev., correctly, we before laid to the charge. 11. Understandeth (cum…
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* See Morison’s long and acute discussion, Cu. IIL] THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. Bit f authoritative instruction of God, may be viewed either inde- finitely and generally as the revelation of God to men; or authoritatively, as to the duty incumbent on man as man; or with reference to the instruction as to the duty i…
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To sum up the classical usage, the word has two main refer- ences: 1, to persons ; 2, to things or acts. In both the judicial element is dominant. The primary sense, to make right, takes on the conventional meanings to judge a thing to be right, to judge, to right a person, to treat rightly, to condemn, punish, pu…
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Hence justification is called justification of life (Rom. v. 18); it is linked with the saving operation of the life of the risen Christ (Rom. iv. 25; v. 10); those who are in Christ Jesus “walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit” (Rom. viii. ig they exhibit patience, approval, hope, love (Rom. vy. 4, 5). J…
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The sense of the phrase here is: they are coming short of the honor or approbation which God bestows. The point under discussion is the want of righteousness. Unbelievers, or mere legalists, do not approve themselves before God by the right- eousness which is of the law. They come short of the approba- tion which …
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*"Eftidoxowat mostly represents kipher to cover, and is more common than the simple verb. Thus, purge the altar, Ezek. xliii. 26; cleanse the sanctuary, Ezek. xlv. 20; reconcile the house, Dan. ix. 24. It is found with the accusative case of that which is cleansed ; with the preposition zrepd concerning, as “ for …
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idea does not recede in the Old Testament to be re-emphasized in the New. On the contrary, the New Testament emphasizes the recession, and lays the stress upon the cleansing and lIsfe- ging effect of the sacrifice of Christ. See John i. 29; Col. i. 20-22; Heb. ix. 14; x. 19-21; 1 Pet. ii. 24; 1 John i. 7; iv. 10-1…
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For the remission of sins that are past (61a ryv mdpecw TOV TpoyeyovoTav auaptnudtwv). Rev., correctly, because of the passing over of the sins done aforetime. Passing over, practermission, differs from remission (deus). In remession 48 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cu. III. guilt and punishment are sent awa…
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27. Boasting (xavynous). Rev., glorying. Only once out- side of Paul’s writings, Jas. iv. 16. See on rejovceth, Jas. ii. 13. Not ground of boasting, which would be Kavynua, as Rom. Iv. 2; 2 Cor. i. 14; Philip. i. 26, The reference is to the glorying of the Jew (ch. ii. 17), proclaiming his own goodness and the mer…
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1. What shall we say ? (71 épodpuev). See ch. iv. 1; vi. 1; vii. 7; viii. 31; ix. 14, 30. The phrase anticipates an objection or proposes an inference. It is used by Paul only, and by him only in this Epistle and in its argumentative portions. It is not found in the last five chapters, which are hortatory. Our Fat…
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6. With the preposition émi upon, on to, unto. a. With the accusative, Rom. iv. 5; Acts ix. 42; xi. 17; xvi. 81; xxii. 19. The preposition carries the idea of mental direction with a view to resting upon, which lat- ter idea is conveyed by the same preposition. b. With the dative, 1 Tim.i.16; Luke xxiv. 25; compar…
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12. Father of circumcision. Of circumcised persons. The abstract term is used for the concrete. See on xi. 7. Who not only are—but who also walk. Apparently Paul speaks of two classes, but really of but one, designated by two different attributes. The awkwardness arises from the article rois, erroneously repeated …
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56 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. IV. fore considered. According to this the rendering is as Rev., he considered, etc. Being not weak or weakened (Rev.) is an accompanying circumstance to he considered. He considered all these unfavorable circumstances without a weakening of faith. The preposition card in…
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58 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. V. 9. Access (mpocayoyiv). Used only by Paul. Compare Eph. ii. 18; iti. 12. Lit., the act of bringing to. Hence some insist on the transitive sense, introduction. Compare 1 Pet. iii. 18; Eph. ii. 18. The transitive sense predominates in classical Greek, but there are undo…
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*Meyer, however, denies the New Testament use of sép in the local sense. + Meyer’s observations are forcible ; that while Paul sometimes exchanges iép for rept for, concerning, he never uses év7{ instead of it; that with iwép as well as with mep{ he does not invariably use the genitive of the person, but sometimes…
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11. We also joy (cai cavydpevor). Lit., but also glorying. The participle corresponds with that in ver. 10, being reconciled. We shall be saved, not only as being reconciled, but as also rejoicing ; the certainty of the salvation being based, not only upon the reconciliation, but also upon the corresponding joy. W…
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64 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. V. occurs Matt. xviii. 17. From apd aside, amiss, and axovw to hear, sometimes with the accompanying sense of heeding, and so nearly = obey. Ilapaxony is therefore, primarily, a facing to hear or hearing amiss. Bengel remarks that the word very appositely points out the f…
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1. What shall we say then? “ A transition-expression and a debater’s phrase” (Morison). The use of this phrase points to Paul’s training in the Rabbinical schools, where questions were propounded and the students encouraged to debate, objec- tions being suddenly interposed and answered. Shall we continue (ériévwpe…
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5. We have been planted together (cvpudutou yeyovaper). Rev. gives more accurately the meaning of both words. >» Up- duro is not planted, which would be formed from dvutetw to Plant, while this word is compounded with ody together, and pvw to grow. Teydvapev is have become, denoting process, in- stead of the simpl…
662 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1887); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.