15. Tutors (sradaywyovs). From ais boy and aywyés leader. The Paedagogus was a slave to whom boys were en- trusted on leaving the care of the females, which was some- where about their sixteenth year. Ile was often a foreigner, sometimes educated and refined, but often otherwise ; for Plu- tarch complains that seamen, traders, usurers, and farmers are engaged in this capacity. The office was one of general guar- dianship, not of instruction, though sometimes the paedagogus acted as teacher. Ile accompanied the boy to school, carrying his books, etc., and attended him to the gymnasium and else- where.t See, further, on Gal. iii. 24.
* See an article on ‘‘ The Irony of St. Paul,” by John Massie, ‘ Expositor,” second series, viii., 92. t See a lively description in Plautus’ ‘‘ Bacchides,” Act iii., Se. 3,
Vou. IIl.—14
210 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. V.
1. Commonly (6rws). Better, absolutely or actually, as Rev.
Should have. Opinions are divided as to whether the rela- tion was that of marrriage or concubinage. The former is urged on the ground that éxew to have is commonly used in the New Testament of marriage; and that the aorist participles moumaas (so Tex. Rec.) had done, and Katepyacapevov hath wrought, imply that an incestuous marriage had already taken place. It is urged, on the other hand, that éyew to have is used of concubinage, John iv. 18; but it takes its meaning there from the sense of marriage in the preceding clause, and is really a kind of play on the word. ‘ He who now stands for thy husband is not thy husband.” The indications seem to be in favor of marriage. Notwithstanding the facilities for divorce afforded by the Roman law, and the loose morals of the Corinthians, for a man to marry his stepmother was re- garded as a scandal.
5. To deliver—unto Satan for the destruction of the flesh. On this very obscure and much controverted passage it may be observed: 1. That it implies excommunication from the Church. 2. That it implies something more, the nature of which is not clearly known. 3. That casting the offender out of the Church involved casting him back into the heathen world, which Paul habitually conceives as under the power of Satan. 4. That Paul has in view the reformation of the of- fender: “that the spirit may be saved,” etc. This reformation is to be through affliction, disease, pain, or loss, which also he ig wont to conceive as Satan’s work. See 1 Thess. ii. 18; 2 Cor. xii. 7. Compare Luke xiii. 16. Hence in delivering him over to these he uses the phrase deliver unto Satan. Compare ‘tT 0.*
* A very sensible discussion of this passage is given by Dr, Samuel Cox, in his article, ‘‘ That Wicked Person,” ‘‘ Expositor,” first series, iii., 355.
Ox. V.] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS. 211
6. Glorying (xadynua). Not the act, but the subject of boasting; namely, the condition of the Corinthian church.
Lump (¢vpaua). See on Rom. xii. 21. A significant term, suggesting the oneness of the Church, and the consequent dan- ger from evil-doers.
7. Leaven. Not the sinful man, but evil of every kind, in accordance with the more general statement of the leavening power of evil in ver. 6. The apostle’s metaphor is shaped by the commands concerning the removal of leaven at the pass- over: Exod. xii. 19; xiii. 7. Compare Ignatius; ‘“ Dispense, therefore, with the evil leaven that has grown old (ranatwSeic- av) and that has gone sour (évo&i/cacav), and be changed into new leaven which is Jesus Christ” (Epistle to Magnesians, x.).
New (véov). See on Matt. xxvi. 29.
Passover (ro macya). The Paschal lamb, as Mark xiv. 12; wuke xxii. 7.
8. Let us keep the feast (€oprafwpev). Only here in the New Testament. The epistle was probably written a short time before the Passover. See ch. xvi. 8.