1. Seen Jesus. See ch. xv. 8; Acts ix. 17; xviii. 9; xxil. 17, 18; 2 Cor. xii. 1 sqq. Compare Acts xxii. 14.
2. Seal (odpayis). See on Rom. iv. 11; John iii. 33; Apoe. xxii. 10.
3. Answer (dzrodoyla). See on 1 Pet. iii. 15. Examine (avaxpivovow). See on Luke xxiii. 14.
4, Eat—drink. At the expense of the churches. Compare Luke x. 7.
5. A sister, a wife. Wrong. Sister means @ christian woman, a fellow-member of the Church, as Romexvi. L312 Cor. vii. 15; Jas.ii. 15. It is in apposition with wife: A wife that is a sister or believer. So Rev. Such an one has also the
Cu. IX.] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS. 229
right, like her husband, to be maintained by the Church. Some of the fathers claimed that not a wife was meant, but a female attendant, serviens matrona, who contributed to the mainten- ance of the apostles as certain women ministered to Christ. There is no foundation for this. It is contradicted by the ex- ample of Peter cited at the end of this verse; compare Matt. viii. 14; and besides, the point of the argument is that these companions should be maintained. Such a practice, however, did grow up in the Church, but was abolished by the Council of Nicaea on account of its abuses. Stanley remarks that the fact of these women accompanying their husbands, may be explained by the necessity of females to gain access to and to baptize the female converts in Greece and in oriental countries ; the same necessity which gave rise to the order of deaconesses.
6. Barnabas. The only mention of Barnabas along with Paul since the quarrel, Acts xv. 39.
Forbear working. For their own support. ’EpydfeoJac to work, is the regular word for manual labor. See Matt. xxi. 28; Acts xviii. 3. See on 3 John 5; and trade, Apoe. xviii. chi
7. Goeth a warfare (otpateveras). The “a” in a warfare is the abbreviated preposition on or in, as a coming, afield, going a pilgrimage. In the Geneva Bible, Deut. xxiv. 5 is rendered, ‘‘ When a man taketh a newe wife, he shal not go a warfare.” So Froissart: “He was not in good poynt to ride a warfare.’ The phrase, however, is incorrect as a translation, since the Greek word is used not only of war, but of military service in genera]. Soldiers are called otpatevopevot, Luke iii. 14. More correctly, who serveth as a soldier? or, as Rev., what soldier serveth ? See on Luke iii. 14; Jas. iv. 1.
Charges (éWwvios). See on Luke iii. 14, and compare Rom. Vi. 285 2 Cor, x1..8,
Feedeth (crojatver). See on 1 Pet. v. 2. Bengel remarks: “The minister of the gospel is beautifully compared with the soldier, vine-dresser, shepherd.” He goes forth to contend
230 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. IX,
with the world, to plant churches, and to exercise pastoral care over them.
8. As aman (cata av3pwrov). Rev., after the manner of men. See on Rom. iii. 5. The formula occurs six times in Paul’s epistles. The question introduces another kind of evi- dence—that from Scripture. I will not confine myself to il- lustrations from human affairs. I will appeal to Scripture.
9. Muzzle (diweces). See on Matt. xxii. 12, 34; Mark iv. 39. Some texts read knuooes muzele, from Knuos a muzzle. See Deut. xxv. 4.
Ox—treadeth. The custom of driving the oxen over the corn strewed on the ground or on a paved area, was an Egyp- tian one. In later times the Jews used threshing instruments, dragged by the beasts through the grain. Herodotus says that pigs were employed for this purpose in Egypt, but the monu- ments always represent oxen, or, more rarely, asses. In Anda- lusia the process may still be seen, the animals pulling the drag in a circle through the heap of grain ; and in Italy, the method of treading out by horses was in use up to a comparatively recent date.*