1. With myself (¢uav7d). Reyv., better, for myself. Paul,. with affectionate tact, puts it as if he had taken this resolution for his own pleasure.
In heaviness (€v Avy). Meaning, apparently, the apostle’s own sorrowful state of mind. This is wrong. He refers to the sorrow which his coming would bring to the Church. Compare to spare, ch. i. 28. Rev., with sorrow.
Again. Referring to a former unrecorded visit.
2. If | make, etc. J is emphatic, implying that there are enough others who caused them trouble.
Who then is he, etc. The thought underlying the passage, i. 24-11. 1-3, is that the apostle’s own joy is bound up with the spiritual prosperity of the Church. Compare Philip. iv. 1. As the helper of their joy he would receive joy through their faith and obedience. So long as their moral condition com- pelled him to come, bringing rebuke and pain, they could not be a source of joy to him. If I must needs make you sorry with merited rebuke, who can give me joy save you who are thus made sorry ?
4. Anguish (cuvoyjs). Only here and Luke xxi. 25. Lit., a holding together, constraining, or compressing. See on taken, Luke iv. 38. So anguish, from the Latin, angere to choke: anger, which, in earlier English, means affliction, mental tort- ure: anxious: the Latin anguis a snake, marking the serpent by his throttling. In Sanscrit, anhas, from the same root, was the name for sin, the throttler. It reappears obscurely in our medical term gwinsy, which was originally qguinancy, Greek kuvaykn dog-throttling, med., cynanche.
5. Any. Referring to the incestuous person.
Not to me. Not that Paul did not grieve over the of- fender; but he desires to emphasize the fact that the injury
296 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. IL
caused by the sin was not to him personally, but to the Church.
But in part, that | may not overcharge you all (dAAa amo pépovs wa wn ériSap@ mavtas buds). For overcharge, Rev., press too heavily, in order to bring out more distinctly the idea of the verb, laying a@ burden (Bdpos) upon. Over- charge, however, is not incorrect, though possibly ambiguous in the light of the various uses of charge. Oharge is from the Latin carrus @ wagon. Compare the low Latin carricare to load & wagon, and carica a freight-ship. TWence charge is a load ; compare the interchange of charge and load applied to the contents of a gun. So cargo, and caricature, which is an ex- aggerated or overloaded drawing. Hence expense, cost, commis- ston, accusation, all implying a burden, either of pecuniary or of other responsibility, or of guilt. Zn part does not refer to Paul, as if he had said, “You have not grieved me alone and principally, but in part, since my sorrow is shared by the Church.” With in part is to be construed, parenthetically, that I press not too heavily, that is, on the offender: the whole clause being intended to mitigate the charge against the of- fender of having wounded the whole Church. Thus you all depends upon he hath caused sorrow, not upon that I press not too heawily upon. Render, as Rev., He hath caused sorrow, not to me, but in part (that I press not too heavily) to you all.
6. Many (7év rAedvev). Rev., correctly, the many: the majority of the Church.
1. Forgive (yapicac$a). The idea of freeness (xdpus, see on Luke i. 80) lies in the word forgive, which is Sorth-give.
Overmuch sorrow (rh mepvocorépa Avy). Rev. gives the force of the article, Ais sorrow. Overmuch, excessive, through the refusal of pardon.
8. Confirm your love (xupdcau ayarnv). The verb is found only here and Gal. iii. 15. From kdpos supreme power, au- thority. Hence to take judicial resolution to treat the offender with brotherly love.
Cu.IL] THE SECOND EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS. 297