In all other places (rots Aosrots wacw). Rev., correctly, to all the rest ; that is, to all others besides the Praetorians.
14. Many (rovs wAedovas). Rev., correctly, the most. Lit., the more. Implying that there were a few who held back.
Brethren inthe Lord. Jn the Lord should be rather con- nected with being confident. The expression brethren in the Lord does not occur in the New Testament; while to have con- fidence in one in the Lord is found Gal. v. 10; 2 Thess. iii. 4; compare ch. ii. 24. Jn the Lord is thus emphatic. It may be
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correlative with i Christ, ver. 13; but this is not certain.* In the Lord trusting my bonds, signifies that the bonds awaken confidence as being the practical testimony to the power of the Gospel for which Paul is imprisoned, and therefore an encour- agement to their faith.
Are much more bold (srepuocorépws toduav). Reyv., more abundantly bold, thus holding more closely to the literal mean- ing of the adverb. For are bold, see on 2 Cor. x. 2. The bold- ness required to profess Christ within the precincts of the pal- ace is illustrated by the grafjito or wall-scribble discovered in 1857 among the ruins on the Palatine. It is a caricature of Christ on the cross, with an ass’s head, while on the left appears a christian youth in an attitude of adoration. Underneath are scrawled the words Alexamenos worships God.t
To speak (Aadeiv). The verb denotes the fact rather than the substance of speaking. See on Matt. xxviii 18. They have broken silence.
15. Even of envy. Strange as it may seem that envy should be associated with the preaching of Christ. They are jealous of Paul’s influence.
Strife (€piv). Factious partisanship.
Good will. Toward Paul.
16. The one preach Christ of contention. The order of vy. 16, 17, is reversed in the best texts. Of contention (é& épitevas). See on strife, Jas. iii. 14. Rev., better, faction. Compare Chaucer :
“ For mine entente is not but for to winne
And nothing for correction of sinne,” “«Pardonere’s Tale,” 12337-8.
* This connection is advocated by Meyer, Eadie, Ellicott, Lightfoot, Winer. It is ably disputed by Dwight (notes on Meyer), who advocates the rendering of A. V. and Rey. With him agree Alford and Lumby.
+ Tacitus declares that the figure of an ass was consecrated in the Jewish temple, because the Jews in their wanderings in the desert were guided to springs of water by a herd of wild asses (‘‘ History,” v., 8). The charge of wor- shipping an ass was applied by pagans indiscriminately to Jews and Christians, The gruffito may now be seen in the Kirchnerian Museum at Rome.
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Sincerely (dyvas). Purely, with unmixed motives. The adjective ayvds means pure, in the sense of chaste, free from admixture of evil, and is once applied to God, 1 John iii. 3. See on Acts xxvi. 10, foot-note. ot sincerely is explained by in pretence, ver. 18.
To add affliction (SAipuv emipépe). Lit., to bring affirc- tion to bear. But the correct reading is éyelpew to raise up, as Rev.: to waken or stir up affliction. The phrase is striking in the light of the original meaning of JAdjus, namely, pressure. They would make his bonds press more heavily and gall him. See on Matt. xiii. 21.
17. lam set (xeiuas). Or appointed. See on Luke ii. 34. Compare 1 Thess. iii. 3. Some, instead of rendering the one (or some) preach Christ of contention—but the other of love, join of pev some, ot dé others, in each instance with the succeed- ing word, making one phrase, thus: ‘“ they who are of love do so knowing that I am set, etc.: they who are of faction proclaim Christ not sincerely, etc. The phrase those who are of faction occurs Rom. ii. 8; and a similar phrase, him who is of faith, Rom. iii. 26. There seems no sufficient reason for altering A. V. and Rev.