W. Bornemann. In the Meyer Series. 6thed. Die Thessalo- nicherbriefe, 1894. P. W. Schmiedel, in the Hand-Commentar zum Neuen Testament, by Holtzmann, Lipsius, Schmiedel, and Von Soden, 1893. P. Schmid, Der erste Thessalonicherbrief neu erkliért, with Excursus on 2d Epistle, 1885. F. Zimmer, Der Text der Thessalonicherbriefe, etc. Textual Apparatus and Commen- tary, 1893.
J. B. Lightfoot, both Epistles, in Notes on Epistles of St. Paul from Unpublished Commentaries, 1895. C. J. Ellicott, A Critical and Grammatical Commentary on St. Paul’s Epistles to the Thessa- lonians. B. Jowett, The Epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians, Galatians and Romans. Translation and Commentary, 3d ed. 1894. J. Eadie, A Commentary on the Greek Text of the Epistles of Paul to the Thessalonians, 1877. J. Hutchison, Lectures, chiefly Expository, on Paul’s 1st and 2d Epistles to the Thessaloni- ans, 1883. J. B. Lightfoot, Biblical Essays, chs. VI., VII. G. G.
Findlay, in Cambridge Bible for Schools. J. Denney, in Eaposi- tor’s Bible.
On Macedonia, L. Heuzey and H. Daumet, Mission Archéolo- gique de Macédoine, 1876. Account of the expedition under the auspices of Napoleon III. for the exploration of Macedonia.
M. R. Vincent, Philippians and Philemon, Introduction. Interna- tional Commentary, 1897.
* No attempt is made to present an exhaustive catalogue of the Literature.
8
THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS.
1. The address of the first Epistle is shorter than that of any of the Pauline letters. In the other Epistles Paul either indicates the contents of the letter, or adds details concern- ing the writer or his correspondents, or amplifies the apos- tolic greeting. The names of Silvanus and Timothy are added to that of Paul as the senders of the letter. They were with him at Corinth when it was written (Acts xviii. 5; 2 Cor. i. 19). They had assisted him in the foundation of the Thessalonian Church (Acts xvi. 1-3; xvii. 4, 10, 14). Paul’s official title “ Apostle” is omitted in the addresses of both Epistles, although in 1 Th. ii. 6 he uses amdorono apostles, including Silvanus and Timothy under that title. The title appears in all the other Epistles except Philippians and Philemon. The reason for its omission in every case appears to have been the intimate and affectionate character of. his relations with the parties addressed, which rendered an appeal to his apostolic authority unnecessary. Paul does not confine the name of apostle to the twelve.*
Silvanus. The Silas of the Acts, where alone the form Sfras occurs. By Paul always ZAovaves, of which Eras is a contraction, as Aoveds from Aoveaves. Similar contract- ions occur in Class., as "AdXeEas for ’AXéEavdpos; ’Apras for
* See Rom. xvi. 7; 1 Cor. ix. 5, 6, and Bp. Lightfoot on ‘‘The Name and Office of an Apostle,’’ Com. on Galatians, p. 92.
10 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu I.
’"Apteuas, and that for ’Apreuédwpos. Silas first appears in Acts xv. 22, as one of the bearers of the letter to the Gen- tile Christians at Antioch. He accompanied Paul on his second missionary tour, and was left behind with Timothy when Paul departed from Macedonia after his first visit. He was probably a Jewish Christian (see Acts xvi. 20), and was, like Paul, a Roman citizen (Acts xvi. 387, 388). Hence his Roman name. He cannot with any certainty be identi- fied with the Silvanus of 1 Pet. v. 12.
Timothy. Appears in all the Pauline Epistles except Gala- tians and Ephesians. He was associated with Paul longer than any one of whom we have notice. First mentioned Acts xvi. 1,2: comp. 2 Tim. iii. 10,11. He accompanied Paul on his second missionary tour (Acts xvi. 3), and was one of the founders of the churches in Thessalonica and Philippi. He is often styled by Paul “the brother” (2 Cor. i. 1; Col. i. 1; 1 Th. iii. 2; Philem. 1); with Paul himself “a bondser- vant of Jesus Christ” (Philip. i. 1); comp. 1 Tim. ii. 18; 2 Tim. i. 2. Paul’s confidence in him appears in Philip. ii. 19-22, and is implied in his sending him from Athens to the Thessalonian church to establish and comfort its members (1 Th. iii. 2). Paul sent him again to Macedonia in com- pany with Erastus (Acts xix. 22), and also to Corinth (1 Cor. iv. 17). To the Corinthians he writes of Timothy as “his beloved and faithful child in the Lord” who shall remind them of his ways in Christ (1 Cor. iv. 17), and as one who worketh the work of the Lord as he himself (1 Cor. xvi. 10). He joined Paul at Rome, and his name is associ- ated with Paul’s in the addresses of the letters to the Colos- sians and Philemon. In every case where he is mentioned by name with Silvanus, the name of Silvanus precedes.