PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Word Studies in the New Testament — Volume 4
Vincent, Marvin R., 1834-1922 · 200,457 words · 330 reading sections
Abbreviations, Etc.
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376 wordsSECTION 2The Thessalonian Epistles.
INTRODUCTION. THE FIRST EPISTLE. THESSALONICA was situated on the Thermaic Gulf, a fine harbour, affording anchorage for large ships directly in front of the city.* The situation commanded the trade of the Macedonian waters, and was connected inland with the plain of the Axius, one of the great levels of Macedoni…
281 wordsSECTION 34 Introduction To The Thessalonian Epistles.
of the references in the two letters. From the Acts it appears that he remained only three weeks; but the first Epistle indicates that a large and flourishing church had been formed, chiefly of Gentiles (i. 8, 9); and from this, and from the facts that the Philippians, twice during his stay, sent him pecuniary aid…
373 wordsSECTION 4Introduction To The Thessalonian Epistles. 3)
It reveals a quick, intelligent sympathy with the burdens and sufferings of the church, and a full appreciation of their patience and fidelity. They are the subject of the Apostle’s thoughts, wishes, and prayers; they are his joy and his crown. The tone of the Epistle, while peculiarly affectionate, is never- thel…
377 wordsSECTION 56 Introduction To The Thessalonian Epistles.
occasional tendency to amplification (i. 2 f., 8; ii. 11, 13: iii. 2,7, 9,10; v. 1, 3, 5, 23, etc.), and to round off the ends of sentences with adverbial phrases (i. 5, 6; ii. 2, 16, 17; iii. 3, 9, etc.). There is to be noted the frequent introduction of expressions which recognise the knowledge and remem- brance…
291 wordsSECTION 6Introduction To The Thessalonian Epistles. T
The authenticity and genuineness of this Epistle have been challenged since the beginning of the present century.* Its integrity has also been questioned on the assumed ground of a combination of a genuine Pauline epistle with interpo- lated matter (P. W. Schmidt). It has been ascribed to *J.E. C. Schmidt, DeWette…
415 wordsSECTION 7Chapter I.
W. Bornemann. In the Meyer Series. 6thed. Die Thessalo- nicherbriefe, 1894. P. W. Schmiedel, in the Hand-Commentar zum Neuen Testament, by Holtzmann, Lipsius, Schmiedel, and Von Soden, 1893. P. Schmid, Der erste Thessalonicherbrief neu erkliért, with Excursus on 2d Epistle, 1885. F. Zimmer, Der Text der Thessaloni…
809 wordsSECTION 8Chapter I.
To the church of the Thessalonians. This form of address appears in 1st and 2d Corinthians, Galatians, 2d Thessalonians. The other letters are addressed to “the saints,” “the brethren,” “the saints and faithful brethren.” The use of the genitive of the national name is peculiar. Cu. I] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE THE…
776 wordsSECTION 9Chapter I.
In we give thanks, it is not easy to decide whether Paul uses we as plural, or in the sense of J. Rom. iii. 9 seems to Cu. 1] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS. 13 be a clear case of the latter usage. In 1 Th. iii. 1, 2, nvdoxnoapev we thought it good, and éméurapev we sent, can, apparently, refer only to Pau…
698 wordsSECTION 10Chapter I.
* There has been some dispute as to whether it was applied to a syna- gogue, but the usage of Josephus and Philo seems decisive in favour of that meaning. See Jos. Vita, 54; Juvenal, Sat. III. 296; Schiirer, The Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ, Div. IL., Vol. II., p. 78; Wendt, Apostel- geschichte, on Act…
733 wordsSECTION 11Chapter I.
5. For (67). Incorrect. Rend. how that. It is explana- tory of your election. For similar usage see 1 Cor. i. 26. Our gospel. The gospel as preached by Paul and his colleagues. Comp. Rom. ii. 16; xvi. 25; Gal. i. 11; ii. 2; 1 Th. ii. 4. My gospel is sometimes used in connection with an emphasis upon some particula…
711 wordsSECTION 12Chapter I.
+ Dr. J. Rendel Harris offers as a conjectural reading drayyéAXere ye report, taking the passage as an exact parallel to ch. ii. 1, ye know that our entrance was not in vain. He thinks that thus a reference would be shown to a letter from the Thessalonians to Paul, and that the difficulty would be relieved which gr…
687 wordsSECTION 13Chapter Ii.
1. Was not in vain (od xevy yéyover). More accurately, hath not proved vain. Kev is empty. Maraia, also rendered vain, is fruitless. * See Stanley’s condensation of Wetstein, in Com. on Corinthians, on 2 Cor. xii. 2. + See B. F. Westcott, Religious Thought in the West. Cx. I.] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIA…
658 wordsSECTION 14Chapter Ii.
In guile (év dc\m). While wnecleanness expresses impure purpose or motive, guile has reference to improper means ; * Lightfoot’s view, that the word is used with a reference to the impuri- ties of the worship of Aphrodite at Corinth and of the Cabeiri at Thessa- lonica, seems far-fetched. Cu. Il] THE FIRST EPISTLE…
731 wordsSECTION 15Chapter Ii.
Cu. Il] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS. 25 Among you (év péow tuedv). Better, and more literally, in the midst of you, which implies more intimate intercourse than among you. Comp. L. xxii. 27. Nurse (tpodgds). N.T.°. In Class. sometimes of a mother, and so probably here. See Gal. iv. 19. Cherisheth (@dd7…
689 wordsSECTION 16Chapter Ii.
Kingdom and glory. The only instance of this collocation. God’s kingdom is here conceived as present — the economy of divine grace to which the readers are called as Christians. Glory is the future consummation of that kingdom. For Baotrela kingdom, see on L. vi. 20. Aca glory is not used in N. T. in its primary, …
652 wordsSECTION 17Chapter Ii.
reference to his own expulsion from Thessalonica. Acts xvii. 5-10. * See G. A. Deissmann’s excellent monograph, Die neutestamentliche Formel ‘‘in Christo Jesu.’? Marburg. 1892. Cu. I.] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS. 29 Contrary to all men. Tacitus (Hist. v. 5) describes the Jews as stubborn in their fait…
650 wordsSECTION 18Chapter Ii.
the Epistle is a forgery, or at least that vv. 14-16 are interpolated. Such criticism is hardly worthy of notice. Any allusion here to Paul’s part in Jewish persecutions would have been in singularly bad taste. As for Paul’s patriotism, genuine and deep though it was, it was secondary to his consuming zeal for Chri…
475 wordsSECTION 19Chapter Iii.
1. Forbear (oréyovres). Lit. no longer forbearing. See on 1 Cor. ix. 12: LXX, Sir. viii. 17. For Class. parall. Soph. 0. C.15; Hlec. 1118; Eurip. Hippol. 844; Ion 1412. He means that his longing for some personal communication from the Thessalonians became intolerable. To be left — alone (xataredOjvat—pdvor). Impl…
598 wordsSECTION 20Chapter Iv.
34 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. IV. 11. Direct (xkarevOuvac). Lit. make straight. Only in Paul and Luke. See on L. i. 79, and comp. 2 Th. iii. 5. Frequent in LXX. 13. With all his saints (wera wdvtav trav dylwv aitov). Saints is often explained as angels; but the meaning is the holy and glorified peopl…
716 wordsSECTION 21Chapter Iv.
36 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cu. IV. iii. 7. It was used for wife in the coarse and literal sense by Rabbinical writers. The admonition aptly follows the charge to abstain from fornication. On the contrary, let each one treat honorably his own wife. The common interpretation is, “as a safeguard against f…
673 wordsSECTION 22Chapter Iv.
38 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. IV. His Holy Spirit (76 wvedua adtod 7d dyov). Solemn and emphatic: His Spirit, the holy. Similarly, Acts xv. 8, 28; xix. 6; xx.23; Eph. 1. lasmivaoy: 9. Taught of God (Ocodidaxror). N.T.°. CLXX. Notin Class. ; 11. Study (@iArotiwetcGar). P®. Make it your aim. Comp. Rom…
661 wordsSECTION 23Chapter Iv.
40 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. ([Cd. IV. Who have no hope. Only believers have hope of life after death. The speculations and surmisings of pagan philosophy do not amount to a hope. 14. Them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with him («al o eds Todvs KotunGevras Sia Tod “Incod d&e ovv auT@). (1) Wh…
668 wordsSECTION 24Chapter Iv.
+ Professor Ropes of Harvard, Die Sprtiche Jesu, holds the opposite view. He thinks that ver. 15 is not cited as the word of the Lord, but that the be- ginning of the citation is indicated by 671, ver. 16, and the end by air, ver. 17. He regards the citation as a free rendering of a logion of Jesus, akin to Matt. x…
510 wordsSECTION 25Chapter V.
1. Times — seasons (ypévev — katpav). See on Actsi. 7. With special reference to the Lord’s coming. The plural is used because Paul is thinking of a number of incidents attending the preparation and accomplishment of the second advent, and occurring at different times. The collocation times and seasons only here a…
676 wordsSECTION 26Chapter V.
Shall not escape (ov pr) éxdvyaow). A. V. misses the force of the double negative. They shall in no wise escape. 4. Overtake (cataddB8n). See on comprehended, J. i. 5. A thief (xAérrns). Tischendorf, Weiss, and Rev. T. retain this reading. Westcott and Hort read «Adémtas thieves, but with «Aérrns in margin. The we…
701 wordsSECTION 27Chapter V.
11. Comfort (vrapaxaneite). Rev. renders exhort; but comfort suits better the general drift of the passage, and cor- responds with ch. iv. 18. There is some force in Borne- mann’s suggestion that the two meanings may be combined. Exhort each other to be of good heart. Edify (occodopetre). Lit. build up. See on Act…
700 wordsSECTION 28Chapter V.
17. Without ceasing (aécarelrrws). Comp. Rom. i. 9; mi.) 42; tuph. vi. 18; | Col..iv./2. 18. Will (@¢éAnua)}. In the sense of requirement. Comp. ch. iv. 3. -19. Quench not the Spirit. Since he is the inspirer of prayer, and the bestower of all gifts of grace on the Church. Comp. Eph. iv. 80. The operation of the …
667 wordsSECTION 29Chapter V.
22. Appearance (e/dovs). As commonly explained, abstain from everything that even looks like evil. But the word sig- nifies form or kind. Comp. L. iii. 22; J. v. 87, and see nearly the same phrase in Joseph. Ant. x. 3, 1. It never has the sense of semblance. Moreover, it is impossible to abstain from everything th…
554 wordsSECTION 30Uh. V.] The First Epistle To The Thessalonians. 53
mvevpa, and renders your whole spirit. ‘OddxAnpov is predic- ative, not attributive. It does not mean whole, but is derived from 60s whole and «dApos allotment, and signifies having the entire allotment ; complete in all parts. It occurs only here and Jas. i. 4, where it is associated with téAevoe perfect. It appe…
258 wordsSECTION 31Chapter I.
On vv. 1, 2, see on 1 Th. i. 1. 3. We are bound—as itis meet. The accumulation of cognate expressions indicates the apostle’s earnestness. Groweth exceedingly (imepavédve). N. T.°. See on dehy ci 10. 4, Glory (éveavyacOat). N.T.°. The simple verb cav- xaoPat to boast, and the kindred nouns cavynuwa ground of boa…
765 wordsSECTION 32Chapter I.
9. Shall be punished (Séenv ricovew). The verb (N. T.°) means to pay or render. Lit. shall pay penalty. Everlasting destruction (ddcOpov ai@vwov). The phrase nowhere else in N. T. In LXX, 4 Mace. x. 15. Rev. prop- erly, eternal destruction. It is to be carefully noted that eternal and everlasting are not synonymou…
834 wordsSECTION 33Chapter I.
* As Lightfoot on Philip. ii. 9. Cu. 1] THE SECOND EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS. 59 It is sometimes translated world; world representing a period or a series of periods of time. See Matt. xii. 382; xiii. 40, 49; L. i. 70; 1 Cor. i. 20; ii. 6; Eph. i. 21. Similarly of aidves the worlds, the universe, the aggregate …
858 wordsSECTION 34Chapter I.
There is a word for everlasting if that idea is demanded. That didios occurs rarely in the New Testament and in LXX does not prove that its place was taken by aidwos. It rather goes to show that less importance was attached to the bare idea of everlastingness than later theological thought has given it. Paul uses t…
749 wordsSECTION 35Chapter I.
In the present passage it is urged that dAcOpov destruction points to an unchangeable, irremediable, and endless condition. If this be true, if 6A€Opos is extinction, then the passage teaches the annihilation of the wicked, in which case the adjective aiwyios is superfluous, since extinction is final, and excludes …
375 wordsSECTION 36Chapter Ii.
1. By the coming (é7ép). More correctly touching. Comp. Rom. ix. 27; 2 Cor. i. 8. ‘Ysrép never in N. T. in a formula of swearing. Gathering together (émicvvaywyfs). Only here and Heb. x. 25. The verb ésicuvdyev is used, as the noun here, of the Lord’s gathering together his elect at his coming. See Matt. xxiv. 31…
735 wordsSECTION 37Chapter Ii.
Cu. I] THE SECOND EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS. 65 is emphatic, emphasising the concealed character of the evil power. Only (uevov). The sentence is elliptical: “only we must wait,” or “ only it must work in secret, until he that letteth,” etc. For a similar instance see Gal. ii. 10. The collocation of A. V. is w…
691 wordsSECTION 38Chapter Ii.
12. Might be damned (xpi@dow). More correctly, judged. See on damnation, 1 Tim. v. 12.* *T attempt no interpretation of this passage as a whole, which I do not understand. The varieties of exposition are bewildering. Convenient sum- maries may be found in Liinemann’s Meyer, Dr. Gloag’s Introduction to the Pauline …
668 wordsSECTION 39Chapter Ii.
Be glorified (So&afnra). Acknowledged in its true power and glory. Comp. J. xii. 28. The phrase the word of the Lord — be glorified, only here. Cu. III.] THE SECOND EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS. 69 2. Unreasonable (atdé7wy). See on L. xxiii. 41, and comp. Acts xxv. 5; xxviii. 6. In LXX ina moral sense, iniquitous…
688 wordsSECTION 40Chapter Ii.
12. With quietness—work. See on study to be quiet, Lert eines 1: Cx. III.] THE SECOND EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS. 71 13. Be not weary (“2 éveaxjonte). With one exception, L. xviii. 1, only in Paul. To faint or lose heart. Well doing (xadozroodvtes). N. T.°. According to the Greek idiom, doing well, be not weary…
362 wordsSECTION 41Introduction.
x oP a4) be so Pe a ee ee ale ' 7 la rq Lt ee au ee os i , rn os -, co i ; % airs , . ‘ a a * eka ; ey - 1 1 c . ‘ ae iva ‘ yo fi X a AW ue ants - ; brs, “4 By the churches of Galatia which Paul addresses (ch. i. 2) are most probably meant the churches in the Roman province of Galat…
365 wordsSECTION 4276 Introduction To The Galatian Epistle.
difficult to account for. On the North Galatian hypothesis, although the Galatian churches were the scene of a violent conflict between Paul and the Judaising Christians, and the recipients of one of Paul’s most important letters, and are therefore entitled to an important place in the history of the apostolic chu…
373 wordsSECTION 43INTRODUCTION TO THE GALATIAN EPISTLE. red
ers; preaching circumcision to those who were inclined to accept it, and uncircumcision to such as wished to refuse it (vs 11). | These intruders were not proselytes, but born Jews, Jewish Christians, with a Pharisaic tendency like that of those who, in Antioch and Jerusalem, sought to impose circumcision and leg…
330 wordsSECTION 4478 Introduction To The Galatian Epistle.
recurrence to their old heathen type.” Paul describes them as arrested in a course of obedience to the truth which they had been running well (v. 7): as soon removed into a differ- ent gospel Gi. 6): as bewitched by an evil eye (iii. 1): as pervaded with an evil leaven (v. 9). They were beginning, in part at least…
364 wordsSECTION 45Introduction To The Galatian Epistle. 79
in Romans the dominant conception is justification by faith. Romans is more positively doctrinal ; Galatians more apolo- getic and polemic as against Judaism. Romans treats cir- cumcision as a question of practice; Galatians as a question of law. As in Romans, faith is emphasised over against the works of the law …
386 wordsSECTION 4680 Introduction To The Galatian Epistle.
hurried, dragging the words after it. . . . Unfinished phrases, daring omissions, parentheses which leave us out of sight and out of breath, rabbinical subtleties, audacious paradoxes, vehement apostrophes, — pour in like surging billows. Mere words in their ordinary meaning are insufficient to sustain this overwh…
289 wordsSECTION 47Chapter I.
J. B. Lightfoot, 10th ed., 1890: B. Jowett, Epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians, Galatians, and Romans, 3d ed., 1894. The essays are interesting and suggestive. C. J. Ellicott, Critical and Grammatical Commentary on St. Paul’s Epistle to the Galatians. J. Eadie, Commentary on the Greek Text of the Epistle of …
672 wordsSECTION 48Chapter I.
3. Grace to you, etc. See on 1 Th.i. 1. He will not withhold the wish for the divine grace and peace even from those whom he is about to upbraid. 4,. Gave himself for our sins. Comp. Matt. xx. 28; Eph. vy. 25; 1 Tim. ii. 6; Tit. ii. 14. Purposely added with refer- ence to the Galatians’ falling back on the works o…
658 wordsSECTION 49Chapter I.
Another gospel (érepov). Rather a different, another sort of gospel. See on Matt. vi. 24; L. xvi. 7; xviii. 10. In illustration of the difference between ddXos another and érepos different, see 1 Cor. xii. 8-10; xv. 40; 2 Cor. xi. 4; Rom. vui. 23 7. Another (adA0). <A different gospel is not another gospel. There…
751 wordsSECTION 50Chapter I.
By the revelation of Jesus Christ (60 azoxadtyeus *Incod Xpicrod). Not, by Jesus Christ being revealed to me, but, I received the gospel by Jesus Christ’s revealing it to me. The subject of the revelation is the gospel, not Christ. Christ was the revealer. Rev. (it came to me) through reve- lation of Jesus Christ.…
720 wordsSECTION 51Chapter I.
90 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Ca I. Immediately (evOéws). Connect only with I conferred not, etc. Not with the whole sentence down to Arabia. Paul is emphasising the fact that he did not receive his commission from men. As soon as God revealed his Son in me, I threw aside all human counsel. Conferred (ap…
650 wordsSECTION 52Chapter I.
92 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. I. and is that the Lord’s brothers were sons of Joseph by a former wife.* 20. I lie not. Comp. Rom. ix. 1; 2 Cor. xi. 31; 1 Tim. ee 16 21. Regions (kA(uara). P°. Comp. Rom. xv. 23; 2 Cor. xi. 10. KaAiua, originally an inelination or slope of ground: the supposed slope o…
564 wordsSECTION 53Chapter Ii.
1. Fourteen years after (61a Sexateccdpwv érov). Rey. after the space of fourteen years. Comp. &’ érév mdedvev after several years, Acts xxiv. 17; &v jmepav after (some) days, Mk. ii. 1. Ava means after, that is, a given number of years being interposed between two points of time. Not, in the course of (Rev. marg.…
656 wordsSECTION 54Chapter Ii.
* This explanation is adopted by Sieffert, Meyer, and Weizsacker. The expositors generally admit that no doubt on Paul’s part is implied (so Winer, Alford, Lipsius, Ellicott, Lightfoot), but mostly insist on the first sense of uh mos. The difficulty of reconciling these two positions, which is clearly recognised by…
682 wordsSECTION 55Chapter Ii.
voL, Iv. —7 98 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cx. I. the apostles were matters of indifference to him, but that he was indifferent about receiving his commission from them as recognised dignitaries of the church. The construction is: “To be something (elva/ rv) at the hands of (470) those who were of repute …
664 wordsSECTION 56Chapter Ii.
100 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cu. Il. worthy of their fellowship. He is careful to speak of it as a gift of God, dobeicar. They gave the right hands of fellowship (deEvas édwxav xowwwvias). The phrase only herein N. T. A token of alli- ance in the apostolic office of preaching and teaching. The giving o…
656 wordsSECTION 57Chapter Ii.
Withdrew and separated himself (iméoredrAev kai adapilev éavtov). Or, began to withdraw, etc. “TzoorédAev only here 102 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Ce IL in Paul. It means, originally, to draw in or contract. Thus of furling sails, closing the fingers. Middle voice, to draw or shrink back from through fear…
749 wordsSECTION 58Chapter Ii.
16. Justified (dvcaotrav). See on Rom. iii. 20,26. The meaning to declare or pronounce righteous cannot be consist- ently carried through Paul’s writings in the interest of a theological fiction of imputed righteousness. See, for exam- ple, Rom. iv. 25; 1 Cor. vi. 11; and all passages where the word is used to des…
694 wordsSECTION 59Chapter Ii.
20. | build again the things which | destroyed (a xaré- AUCa TADTA TaALY oiKodou@). Peter, by his Christian profes- sion, had asserted that justification was by faith alone; and by his eating with Gentiles had declared that the Mosaic law was no longer binding upon him. He had thus, figuratively, destroyed or pull…
715 wordsSECTION 60Chapter Ii.
| now live. Emphasis on viv now, since the beginning of my Christian life, with an implied contrast with the life in the flesh before he was crucified with Christ. Zhen, the I was the centre and impulse of life. Now, it is no longer J, but Christ in me. By the faith of the Son of God (ev ricte tH Tod viod Tov Geo…
443 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1887); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.