+ Professor Ropes of Harvard, Die Sprtiche Jesu, holds the opposite view. He thinks that ver. 15 is not cited as the word of the Lord, but that the be- ginning of the citation is indicated by 671, ver. 16, and the end by air, ver. 17. He regards the citation as a free rendering of a logion of Jesus, akin to Matt. xxiv. 30 f.
42 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cz. IV.
With a shout (év xeredopats). N. T.°. Once in LXX, Prov. xxiv. 62 (English Bib. xxx. 27). From xedevew to summon. Often in Class. Lit. a shout of command, as of a general to his army, an admiral to his oarsmen, or a charioteer to his horses.
Archangel (dpyayyédov). Only here and Jude 9. Not in O. T. The Pauline angelology shows traces of Rabbinical teachings in the idea of orders of angels. See Eph. i. 21; Col. i. 16; Rom. viii. 88. The archangels appear in the apocryphal literature. In the Book of Enoch (see on Jude 14) four are named, Michael, Uriel, Raphael, and Gabriel. Michael is set over the tree which, at the time of the great judgment, will be given over to the righteous and humble, and from the fruit of which life will be given to the elect. In Tob. xii. 15, Raphael appears as one of the seven holy angels. Comp. Apoc. viii.2. See also on Jude 9, and comp. Dan axis t:*
With the trump of God (év odAmuyys Oeod). For the trumpet heralding great manifestations of God, see Ex. Sixes, o16.2nPs.exlvii bd: tisatexvil. 13:3 feeh xe Zeph. i. 16; Joel ii. 1; Matt. xxiv. 81; 1 Cor. xv. 52; Apoc. i. 10; iv. 1. Of God does not indicate the size or loudness of the trumpet, but merely that it is used in God’s service. Comp. harps of God, Apoc. xv. 2; musical instru- ments of God, 1 Chron. xvi. 42. The later Jews believed that God would use a trumpet to raise the dead.
17. Together with them (dua ody adtois). “Apa at the same time, referring to the living. We that are alive shall simultaneously or one and all (comp. Rom. iii. 12) be caught up. vv adrois along with them, t.e., the dead. Thus dua is to be const. with shall be caught up. The A. V. and Rev. are inaccurate.+ These are the important words as related to the disquietude of the Thessalonians.
* See O. Everling, Die paulinische Angelologie und Déimonologie, s. 80 ff. + Lightfoot says that the combination dua ody together with, is too common
Cu. V.] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS. 43
Shall be caught up (dprraynocueda). By a swift, resist- less, divine energy. Comp. 2 Cor. xii. 2,4; Acts viii. 39.
In the air (es aépa). Rend. into the air, and const. with shall be caught up. "Arp the atmosphere with the clouds, as distinguished from ai@yp the pure ether, which does not occur mN. T. ,
And so. After having met the Lord.