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By the churches of Galatia which Paul addresses (ch. i. 2) are most probably meant the churches in the Roman province of Galatia; those namely in Iconium, Pisidian Antioch, Lys- tra, and Derbe; and not the Christians living in the Galatian district lying to the north and east of Lycaonia and Phrygia, which formed only a part of the Roman province, and the chief cities of which were Ancyra, Tavium, and Pessinus. The Roman province was formed by Augustus, 25 B.c., and included Lycaonia, Isauria, southeastern Phrygia, and a por- tion of Pisidia. The churches in this province were founded by Paul in his first missionary tour, the account of which is given Acts xlii., xiv.*
The South Galatian hypothesis supplies a defect in the history of the Pauline churches, which, on the other, it is
* The view here given is known as the South Galatian hypothesis. The other view, which limits the application of the name Galatia to the Galatian district, the country of the Asiatic Gauls, is known as the North Galatian hypothesis, and is held by the majority of critics. The South Galatian hy- pothesis was propounded as early as 1825 by Mynster (Introduction to the Galatian Epistle); was maintained by the French archaeologist Perrot (De Galatia Provincia Romana, Paris, 1867), who was followed by Renan (Paulus, 1869); and has been defended by Hausrath, Weizsicker, Zahn, Pfieiderer, Ramsay (The Church in the Roman Empire), and McGiffert (Apostolic Age). See also an article by Emilie Grace Briggs, ‘‘The Date of the Epistle to the Galatians,’’ in the New World, March, 1900, and J. Vernon Bartlett, The Apostolic Age. Among the prominent advocates of the North Galatian hypothesis are Bishop Lightfoot (Commentary on Galatians), Lip- sius (Hand-Oommentar); Weiss and Jiilicher (Introductions to the N. T.); Holsten (Evangelium des Paulus), Schtirer (Theologische Litteraturzeitung, 1892, 1893, and Jahrbiicher fiir protestantische Theologie, 1892), and Sieffert (Der Brief an die Galater, Meyer, 8 Aufi.).
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