11. | am afraid of you (doPotpat duds). Not a felici- tous translation, though retained by Rev. Rather, “I am
* See Ewald, Antiquities of Israel (trans.), p. 842 ff. Riehm, Handw. des Bib. Alterth., Art. ‘‘Monate.”? Schrader, Heilinschriften, 2d ed. Wieseler, Chronologie.
142 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. IV.
afraid for you or concerning you.” The second tas is not attracted into the principal clause so as to read, “I am afraid lest I have bestowed labour,” etc. The two clauses are dis- tinct. Iam afraid about you: then the reason for the fear is added, lest I have bestowed, etc.
Upon: you (eis iuas). Lit. into you. The labour, though in vain, had borne directly upon its object. See the same phrase Rom. xvi. 6.
In vain (exp). Comp. ch. iii. 4; 1 Cor. xv. 2, and eds xevov to no purpose, Philip. ii. 16; 2 Cor. vi. 1; Gal. ii. 2; 1 Th. iii. 5. After all my labour, you may return to Juda- ism. Luther says: “These words of Paul breathe tears.”
12. Be as | am (yivecOe ws eyo). Better, become as I am; free from the bondage of Jewish ordinances.
| am as ye are (xayo ws tpeis). Rather, I became. Sup- ply éyevdunv or yéyova. Become as I am, for I became a Gentile like you. Comp. Philip. ii. 7, 8. For the phrase yivécbar ws to become as, see Matt. vi. 16; Rom. ix. 29; 1 Cor. iv. 13; ix. 20-22.
Ye have not injured me at all (ovdév pe HodvKjoate). This translation misses the force of the aorist, and conveys a wrong impression, that Paul, up to this time, had received no wrong at the hands of the Galatians. This was not true. The reference is to his earlier relations with the Galatians, and is explained by vv. 18,14. Rend. ye did not injure me at all. Ye did not injure me then, do not do so now.
13. Ye know (oldate 5€). The A. V. omits 6€ which is wanting in some Mss. Aé not oppositional as commonly ex- plained: “Ye did not injure me, but on the contrary ye know, etc.” ; but introducing an explanation of ye did not injure me by reference to the fact that they might easily have been moved to do him wrong by the unfavourable circumstances
Cu. IV.] THE EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS. 143
under which he first preached the gospel to them (through infirmity of the flesh). The formulas olda 8é, oldapev Se, otdate dé, are habitually used by Paul to introduce an explan- ation of what precedes, from a new point of view. See Rom. li. 2; iti. 19; xv. 29; Philip. iv. 15. The general sense therefore is: “Ye did not wrong me at all as you might easily have been moved to do; for (6€) you know in what an unfavourable light my infirmities placed me when I first came among you.”
Through infirmity (60 ac@évecav). On account of infirm- ity. Referring to the fact that Paul, in his first journey, was compelled by sickness to remain in Galatia, and preached to the Galatians during this enforced sojourn. This fact made their kindly reception the more commendable.*
At the first (70 wpdérepov). Either generally, at an earlier time than the present (as J. vi. 62; ix. 8; 1 Tim. i. 13), or the first time (as Heb. vii. 27). Here in the latter sense. Paul had visited the Galatians twice before he wrote this letter.
14. My temptation which was in my flesh (roy repac- pov vpav év TH capKi pov). The correct reading is mepacpov vbpav your temptation. The trial to which they were sub- jected by his bodily infirmity (ver. 13), and which might have tempted them to treat him with indifference.
Ye despised not nor rejected (ov« éEovdevnoate ovde é€er- TUcate). Commonly explained by making both verbs govern your temptation. Thus the meaning would be: “ You were tempted to treat my preaching contemptuously because of my bodily infirmity; but you did not despise nor reject that which was a temptation to you.” This is extremely far- fetched, awkward, and quite without parallel in Paul’s writ-