1. I charge (dvayapripouat). See on 1 Tim. v. 21.
At his appearing (cat rv éripaveay). Rend. “and by his appearing,” éwipdveray thus depending on diayapripopat, and the accusative being the ordinary accusative of conjuration, with which dy must be supplied. The A.V. follows the read- ing kata at. For émipdvera appearing, see on 1 Tim. vi. 14; 2 Th. ii. 8. For Bactnrela kingdom, see on L. vi. 20.
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2.. Be instant (ériorn@). Better, be ready. Once in Paul, 1 Th. v. 3. Frequent in Luke and Acts. Lit. stand by, be at hand, be present. To come suddenly upon, L. ii. 88. Hence, be ready. Instant signifies urgent, importunate, per- severing. Lat. instare to press upon. Thus Latimer, “I preached at the instant request of a curate.” So N. T., Rom. xii. 12, “ Continuing instant in prayer.”
In season (evxaipws). Only here and Mk. xiv.11. LXX once, Sir. xviii. 22. Comp. evdxarpeiv to have leisure or oppor- tunity, Mk. vi. 31; 1 Cor. xvi. 12: edxaipia opportunity, Matt. xxvi. 16: evxatpos seasonabdle, convenient, Mk. vi. 21; Heb. iv. 16.
Out of season (dxaipws). N.T.°. LXX once, Sir. xxxv. 4. Comp. axatpeia Pat to lack opportunity, Philip. iv. 10. Timothy is not advised to disregard opportuneness, but to discharge his duty to those with whom he deals, whether it be welcome or not.
Reprove (éreyfov). Rather, convict of their errors. See on 1 Tim. v. 20 and J. in. 20. In Paul, 1 Cor. xiv. 24; Eph. v. 11, 13. Comp. éreypudv conviction, ch. iii. 16.
Rebuke (ézritéunoov). In Pastoralsonly here. °P. Mostly in the Synoptic Gospels, where it is frequent. It has two meanings: rebuke, as Matt. viii. 26; L. xvii. 8, and charge, as Matt. xii. 16; xvi. 20, commonly followed by iva that or Adyov saying (Matt. xx. 31; Mk. i. 25; ii. 12; viii. 30; L. iv. 35), but see L. ix. 21. The word implies a sharp, severe rebuke, with, possibly, a suggestion in some cases of impending penalty (tun); charge on pain of. This might go to justify the rendering of Holtzmann and von Soden, threaten. To charge on pain of penalty for disobedience implies a menace, in this case of future judgment.
Exhort (apaxddeoov). See on consolation, L. vi. 24; comfort, Acts ix. 81. Tischendorf changes the order of the
320 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. ([Cz. IV.
three imperatives, reading &Aey£ov, rapaxddeoor, éritipyaoy. In that case there is a climax: first convict of error, then, exhort to forsake error, finally threaten with the penalty of persistence in error.
With all longsuffering and doctrine (év racy paxpobupia kat dayn). Udon, every possible exhibition of longsuffering, etc. For doctrine rend. teaching. ‘The combination is sug- gestive. Longsuffering is to be maintained against the temp- tations to anger presented by the obstinacy and perverseness of certain hearers; and such are to be met, not merely with rebuke, but also with sound and reasonable instruction in the truth. So Calvin: “Those who are strong only in fervour and sharpness, but are not fortified with solid doctrine, weary themselves in their vigorous efforts, make a great noise, rave,
. make no headway because they build without founda- tion.” Men will not be won to the truth by scolding. “They should understand what they hear, and learn to perceive why they are rebuked” (Bahnsen). Ardayn teaching, only here and Tit. i. 9 in Pastorals. The usual word is ddacKxanria. Paul uses both.
3. For (yap). Ground for the preceding exhortations i in the future opposition to sound teaching.
Endure (avé€ovrar). Only here in Pastorals. Mostly in Paul. Comp. Acts xviii. 14; 2 Cor. xi. 4; Heb. xiii. 22.
Sound doctrine (ris tysawotens Sidackarias). Or health- Sul teaching. ‘The A. V. overlooks the article which is im- portant. Zhe teaching plays a prominent part in these Epistles, and signifies more than teaching in general. See on) 1) Lin 1. 510: