Forty years. In LXX this is connected with saw my works. In the Hebrew forty years begins the next clause.
10. Wherefore | was grieved (80 mpocdyOica). The Hebrew omits wherefore. It was inserted because of the transfer of forty years to the preceding clause. The verb
* Comp. rod VdaTos Aovdoptas, Num. xx. 24, and vdwp ’Avridoylas, Num. xx. 18; xxvii. 14; Deut. xxxii. 51; xxxiii. 8; Ps. lxxx. 7; cv. 82. The LXX has preserved the proper names only in Ezek. xlvii. 19, Mapiuod, and Xlviii. 28, Bapyuwd.
Cu. IIL] THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS. 417
mpoc@yGica I was grieved, only here and ver. 17. In LXX for xip to spue out; Spa to exclude, reject, abhor; oxy to repudiate.
11. So I sware (@s). Rend. “ according as I sware”’: the ws correlating the oath and the disobedience.
They shall not enter into my rest (ei éAevcovras eis TH Kataravow mov). Lit. if they shall enter, etc. A common Hebraistic formula in oaths. Where God is speaking, as here, the ellipsis is “may I not be Jehovah 7f they shall enter.” Where man is speaking, “so may God punish me if”; or “God do so to me and more ?f.” Comp. Mk. viii. 12: LXX, Gen. xiv. 28; Deut. i. 35; I K.i. 51; ii. 8. Some- times the ellipsis is filled out, as 1 Sam. iii. 17; 2 Sam. iii. 35. Kataravow rest, only in Hebrews, and Acts vii. 49. The verb xatatravetv to lay to rest also only in Acts and Hebrews. In Class. the verb sometimes means fo kill or to depose from power. In the original citation the reference is to Canaan. Paul uses KAnpovoula inheritance in a similar sense.
12. Note how the following exhortation is colored by the O.T. citation: evil heart ; the to-day; be hardened ; take heed (Prérere). See to it. Often in warnings or admonitions: sometimes with azo from, with genitive of that against which the warning is given, as Mk. viii. 15; xii. 88; but so only in the Gospels. In construction connect with 6:0, ver. T; there-
fore beware.
Lest there be (4 mote éotat). The indicative with py lest shows that with the fear that the event may occur, there is blended a suspicion that it will occur.
In any of you (év Tu tuav). They are appealed to indi- vidually.
An evil heart of unbelief (capdia movnpa amictias). The whole phrase N. T.°. Neither do the combinations evil heart VOL. IV. —27
418 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. II.
or heart of unbelief occur elsewhere. In LXX, among nearly a thousand instances of xapdia heart, capdia rovnpa evil heart appears only five times, and in three of the five in apocryphal books. See Sir. ix. 1; Bar. i. 22; ii. 8. In LXX proper, Jer. xvi. 12; xviii. 12. ’Amvorias of unbelief, specifies that in which the more general rovypa evil consists. An evil heart is an unbelieving heart.
In departing from the living God (év T@ amoorhvat amo Oeod Eavros). The characteristic of unbelief. Faith is per- sonal union with God. Unbelief separates from God. The phrase living God is common to both Testaments. For the bearing of the words upon the question of the Gentile destin- ation of the Epistle, see Introduction.
13. While it is called to-day (aypis 06 To onpepov KadelTar). Lit. so long as the to-day is being named. The article points to the former expression — the “to-day” of ver. 7. It is the day of grace, while salvation through Christ is still attainable.
Through the deceitfulness of sin (a7dary THs auaptias). ’Amarn is rather a trick, stratagem, deceit, than the quality of deceitfulness. The warning is against being hardened by a trick which their sin may play them. Note the article, the or his sin — the sin of departing from the living God. The particular deceit in this case would be the illusion of faith- fulness to the past.