* So von Soden, ‘‘ not the direction but the surface: ép0al = smooth, with. out stones or holes.”
+ Stephens, Thes., gives detorquere, and cites a number of instances from : medical writers in which éxrpory and éxrpémiov are used of an everted eyelid, . in which the lid is turned outward. Celsus says that when the eyelids refuse to come together, the lower lid hanging and dragging, and unable to. unite - with the upper, the Greeks call it éxrpdatov.
548 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. ([Cu. XII.
(ch. iii. 181) mentions a medical school at Cyrene in Africa, and says that the pupils of that school were regarded as the second best physicians in all Greece. At the time of Galen (163 A.D.) the medical school of Alexandria was the most famous in the world, and Galen himself studied there. Celsus (first half of the first century A.D.), in the 7th book of his treatise De Artibus, treats of surgical operations according to the views of the Alexandrian schools. The commonly- accepted rendering of the A. V., besides giving a conception which is very tame, presents two incongruities: the associa- tion of going astray with lameness, and of healing with straying. The other rendering gives a lively and consistent image. Make the paths smooth and even, so that the lame iimb be not dislocated by stones or pitfalls. Do everything to avoid aggravating the weakness of a fellow-Christian. Rather try to heal it. To yodov may refer either to an individual or to a section of the church which is weak and vacillating.
14. Follow peace (elpyynyv Simxete). Comp. LXX, Ps. xxiii. 14, and Rom. xiv. 19; 1 Pet. iii. 11. The verb is used of the pursuit of moral and spiritual ends, Rom. ix. 30, ol; xu. 13; 1 Cor. xiv. PY Philip. iii. 12,14; 1th. vedas PTime views 2 Lim, tie. 22.
Holiness (dyiacuov). See on Rom. vi. 19.
15. Looking diligently (émicKorodvres). A.V. gives dili- gently as the force of él; but él signifies direction rather than intensity. The idea is exercising oversight. Only here and 1 Pet. v. 2.
Fail of (uorepdy amo). Rend. “fall back from,” implying a previous attainment. The present participle marks some- thing in progress: “lest any one be falling back.”
Root of bitterness (pifa mixpias). From LXX, Deut. xxix. 18. A bad man in the church. ‘Pi€a of a person, 1 Mace. i. 10.
Cz. XIfj THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS. 549
Springing up (dvw dvovea). The participle pictures the springing up in progress; the root gradually revealing its pernicious character.
Trouble (é€voyd7). Only here and L. vi. 18, see note.
Many be defiled (usav@dcw of roddo/). Rend. “the many”: the majority of the church. For the verb see on J. xviii. 28.
16. Fornicator (adpvos). In the literal sense, as always in N. T.
Profane person (8éB8nros). See on 1 Tim. i. 9.
As Esau. Only the epithet profane is applied to Esau, not Fornicator.
For one morsel of meat (avti Bpwcews was). Bpdors, lit. the act of eating, as 1 Cor. viii. 4; Rom. xiv. 17: “one eating . of meat.” Sometimes corrosion, as Matt. vi. 19. Sometimes of that which is eaten, J. vi. 27, 55.
Sold (amédero). The word occurs in the narrative of Gen. xxv. 81, 38, LXX. In N. T. often of discharging an obligation; paying back. To sell, Acts v. 8; vii. 9.
His birthright (7a mpwrotoxia). N. T.°, °Class. In this form only in the later Greek translations of the O.T. Tparo- Toxelov, a very few times, almost all in this narrative.
17. He found no place of repentance (peravolas yap téTrov ovy evpev). The phrase place of repentance N. T.°. This does not mean that Esau was rendered incapable of repentance, which is clearly contradicted by what follows; nor that he was not able to persuade Isaac to change his mind and to recall the blessing already bestowed on Jacob and give it to him. This is unnatural, forced, and highly improbable. The words place of repentance mean an opportunity to repair by