Comp, the Titles, Actant apodoton, Asyndeton, Locutio con- cisa, Oratio semiduplex, Syllepsis, Zeugma.
EMPHASIS is, if there be added to the ordinary signification of a word something of increase (or augmentation of force), which has the effect of giving enlargement and weight to the signification. Or,
u Emphasis is a certain accession to the wonted signification of a word, having the force of increase on both sides” [both in a good and in a bad sense, as the case may require]. — Ernesti, Inst. Int. N. T. P. I. Sect, ii ch. ii. 15, p. 21.
Emphasis, according to the mind and intention of the writer or speaker, may have place either in single words, or in phrases, or in the composition of words, their structure, repetition, etc., and ought to be observed by an Interpreter. Thus the same word is found employed in one place with a certain peculiar force, whereas in an- other place it is found without it.
u Emphasis is not the very force or true and genuine signification of any word ; but if something he added to the force or native significa- tion of a word. Hence it is rightly observed, and is especially to be maintained in this place, that no word has Emphasis in itself, for this reason, because each one word has in itself a certain force, and indicates some certain idea of a thing, whether great or small in itself, wherein there cannot be Emphasis : and, because a word signifies a very great or very small thing, it does not at once follow that for this reason there is in it, or there is to be supposed to be in it, Emphasis.” — Ernesti, L. c. p. 21, and sect. ii. ch. v. 6, p. 69. Nor, however, are they in error who call some words emphatical, viz. those which are pregnant in meaning above others , or in which, above others , there is such a peculiar force inherent, that, along with the principal notion, which they have in common with others, they contain and signify also other accessory notions, whether in themselves, or in certain modes of speaking. A peculiar force, that we may give this instance, may be added to the significa- tion of words by the prepositions, ev, sic , a*,™, cvv, £x , Trepi, ski, etc. But, however, this is not the case universally or necessarily , as Er- nesti, L. c. p. 69, expressly observes, following Bengel in his Preface, § xiv. “ Therefore cases of Emphasis may be divided into
u Temporary, viz. such as are imparted to words at a certain place and time. These are wont to originate, either from the feel- ing of the speaker, or from the gravity of the subject, which the verb expresses beyond its ordinary usage.
“ Permanent or Constant, when a word receives from custom a stronger signification than it had in itself, and always retains it in certain modes of speaking.” — Ernesti, L. c. pp. 21, 22. The Pre- faces to the German New Testament of the Author should be by all means compared, § x. u. 7, 8 ; and to the Gnomon , § xiv. with