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GRADATIO, so called, occurs, when we progress as it were bjr steps from the lowest to the highest point : e.g . — Acts vii. 35, apy^ovra y.ai dixaer/jv ; rovrov 6 0 sog &p%9]ybv zai Xvrpurriv a<r'stirsiXsv. Gliom. on the passage. — 1 Cor. i. 12, ’Eyw fi'sv sifii n auXov, syw de ’ Aero XX w, syu bs Kr^a, syu bs Xpitirov. — Ch. iv. 8, v\hy\ xsKopsti/jj'svoi stirs, yjb7j s<7rXour years, ywpig y/uciv sfiaeiX shears. — 2 Cor. vii. 2, oubsvu ybixyti a^sv, ovb'svu spQsi- pa/xsv, ovb'sva STrXsovsKrytiafAsv.
Gradation [according to the definition of Morhofius, in Del. Orat. pp. 190, 191] is twofold : “ gradation by ascent, or increase ; and gradation by descent, or decrease .”
HEBRAISM. — The Greek language of the New Testament is tinged with Hebraism. Gnom. Pref. § xiv. pp. xxxvii. xxxviii. ; App. Crit. p. 488, § v. : u It hebraizes Gnom. on Rom. ix. 8. The diction of the New Testament is not pure Greek ; and it imi- tates the Hebrew usage,
1) In single words ; e.g. — 6 M seeiag, John i. 42 ; laravag, Matt, iv. 10 ; ' AXXrfXo'ji a, Rev. xix. 1 ; rrdeya, Luke ii. 41 ; ’ ~E[j,fAavo\)v\X, Matt. i. 23.
2) In forms of speech and phrases; for instance, — ajfia hyssiv, for to kill , Matt, xxiii. 35. Also s%sp%se6ai Jg otipiiog rmg, for, to be be- gotten or born of a person , Heb. vii. 5 ; vibg Tsswyg, worthy of hell , Matt, xxiii. 15.
3) In grammatical figures ; e.g. — Enallage, the putting of the abstract for the concrete, axpofiveriu, i.e. the uncircumcised , Rom. ii. 26 ; rrspiro/xri , he. the circumcised , ch. iii. 30 : Pleonasm (see the Title, Pleonasm ) ; Ellipsis (see Ellipsis) ; Hypallage (see Hypal- lage).
4) In the universal (general) form of the Language. Ernesti Inst. Int. p. 43, etc., § 8, etc. The book of John Olearius de Stilo N. T., Sect. Didact. Membr . ii. pp. 232, 233.
It is also Hebraism, if the Greek words have not that significa- tion in the New Testament which the usage of pure Greek authors assigns to them, but that which is in those Hebrew words, the jdace of which is sustained by the Greek words (which are repre- sented by the Greek words) : Ernesti, 1. c. § 9, 10 : e.g. — py^a, Luke i. 37, as the Hebr. “Dl, a word , put for a thing or business ; tintpfiu, 2 Cor. xi. 22, as JDT, for posterity , etc. See Olearius, L. c. p. 241, etc.
HENDIADYS (or h bid bvorf) is a grammatical figure in Syn- tax, when one thing is enunciated by two words ; a thing which may happen in various ways.
I. When one thing is expressed by two words, whether synony- mous, or of distinct signification ; so that the one of them sustains the part of an Adjective, and has the signification of one.
II. When two Substantives are so connected by the copula and,
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