XIX. τ---6.
853
XIX. 1. Τότε οὖν "ἔλαβεν 6 Πιλάτος τὸν “Incodv, καὶ "ἐμαστί-α Μι. xiii.
γωσε. 2. καὶ οἱ στρατιῶται
απλέξαντες στέφανον ἐξ ἀκανθῶν, b is, L 6,
1° Is. xxviii.
ἐπέθηκαν αὐτοῦ τῇ κεφαλῇ καὶ ἱμάτιον πορφυροῦν “mepreBahov αὐτὸν, 5.
Oo
> λος , α αὐτῷ "ῥαπίσματα.
a a > [ο καὶ ἔλεγον, “ Xatpe, ὅ βασιλεὺς τῶν ᾿Ιουδαίων :
d Mt. xv. 5%
, καὶ ° ἐδίδουν e xviii. 22.
4. Ἐξῆλθεν οὖν πάλιν ἔξω 6 Πιλάτος, καὶ λέγει
ο = ο o aA oe αὐτοῖς, δε ἄγω ὑμῖν αὐτὸν ἔξω, ἵνα γνῶτε ὅτι ‘ev αὐτῷ οὐδεμίαν Ε xviii. 38.
5 ear, ” αιτιαν ευρισκω.
θινον στέφανον, καὶ τὸ που ἱμάτιον.
ὁ ἄνθρωπος.”
4 ” ἐκραύγασαν λέγοντες, “ Σταύρωσον, σταύρωσον.
5. Εξῆλθεν οὖν ὁ ᾿Ιησοῦς ἔξω, Σ φορῶν τὸν ἀκάν- g Ecclus. xl.
4: καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, "Ide?
6. Ὅτε οὖν εἶδον αὐτὸν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ ὑπηρέται,
Λέγει αὐτοῖς 6
Πιλάτος, “Λάβετε αὐτὸν ὑμεῖς καὶ σταυρώσατε' ἐγὼ γὰρ ’ οὐχ
1 Insert και ηρχοντο προς αυτον with δν ΕΙ 33, omitted in AD by homoioteleuton.
2 ]δου in NBL 33.
the real and crucified the pretended mover of sedition.
CHAPTER XIX.—Vv. 1-6. Pilate, after scourging Fesus, again pronounces Him guiltless. “—Ver. 1. Tére otv... épac- πίψωσε: Keim (vi. 99) thinks that Pilate at this point pronounced his ‘‘condemno”’ and ‘ibis in crucem,” and that the scourging was preparatory to the cruci- fixion. This might seem to be warranted by Mark’s very condensed account, xv. 15. Φραγελλώσας ἵνα σταυρωθῇ (ac- cording to the Roman law by which, according to Jerome, it was decreed “ut qui crucifigeretur, prius flagellis verberare- tur”; so Josephus, B. F., v. 11, and Philo, ii. 528). But according to John the scourging was meant as a compromise by Pilate; as in Lk. xxiii. 22: “what evil hath He done? I found in Him nothing worthy of death ; I will therefore scourge Him and let Him go.”’ Neither, then, as part of the capital punishment, nor in order to elicit the truth (quaestio per tormenta) ; but in the ill-judged hope that this minor punishment might satisfy the Jews, Pilate ordered the scourging. The victim of this severe punishment was bound in a stooping attitude to a low column (column of the Fiagellation, now shown in Church of Holy Sepulchre) and beaten with rods or scourged with whips, the thongs of which were weighted with lead, and studded with sharp-pointed pieces of bone, so that frightful laceration followed each stroke. Death frequently resulted. καὶ οἱ στρατιῶται . . . ῥαπί- σµατα, ‘and the soldiers plaited a crown of thorns” in mockery of the claim to royalty (for a similar instance, see Keim, vi, 121). Of the suggestions regarding
the particular species of thorn, it may be said with Bynaeus (De Morte Christi, iil. 145) ‘‘nemo attulit aliquid certi”’. ἵμάτιον πορφυροῦν, ‘a purple robe,” probably a small scarlet military cloak, or some cast-off sagum, or paludamentum, worn by officers and subject kings.—Ver. 3 καὶ ἤρχοντο πρὸς αὐτόν, “ and they eat on, coming to Him,” imperfect of con- tinued action; “and hailing Him king, χαῖρε κ. τ. λ., as they were accustomed to shout “Ave, Caesar”, At the same moment they struck Him on the face with their hands.—Ver. 4. Pilate, judg- ing that this will content the Jews, brings Jesus out that they may see Him and ἵνα γνῶτε . . . εὑρίσκω, that Pilate may have another opportunity of pronouncing Him guiltless.—Ver. 5. Still wearing (φορῶν) the mocking symbols of royalty, an ob- ject of derision and pity, Jesus is led out, and the judge pointing to Him says, δε 6 é ἄνθρωπος, Ecce Homo, “Lo! the man,” as if inviting inspection of the pitiable figure, and convincing them how ridiculous it was to try to fix a charge of treason on so contemptible a person. 6 ἄνθρωπος is used contemptuously, as in Plutarch, Them., xvi. 2, “‘ the fellow,” “the creature”. Other instances in Holden’s note in Plut., Them. The result is unexpected.—Ver. 6. Instead of allowing him to release the prisoner, “the chief priests and their officers,’ not “the people,’? who were perhaps moved with pity (Licke), ‘‘roared’’ bese ν “ Crucify, crucify’’; ‘To the cross’ To this demand Pilate, “in angry " sarcasm” (Reynolds), but perhaps rather merely wishing strongly to assert, for the third time, that he