7.
399
μενοι ot ἀδελφοὶ ἔγραψαν τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἀποδέξασθαι αὐτόν: ὃς παραγενόµενος συνεβάλετο πολὺ τοῖς πεπιστευκόσι διὰ τῆς χάριτος:
Additional note on Acts xviii. 23 (see on xvi. 6).
In a brief attempt to refer to a few difficulties connected with this verse, it is well to bear in mind at the outset that St. Luke never uses the noun Γαλατία {which is twice used by St. Paul, 1 Cor. xvi. I, Gal. i. 2), but the adjective Γαλα- τικός, xviii. 23 and xvi. 6, in both cases with the noun χώρα; St. Paul in each case is speaking of the “' Churches of Galatia”; St. Luke in each case is speaking of the Apostle’s journeys. How may we account for this different phraseology? If St. Luke had meant Galatia proper, we may believe that he would have used the word Γαλατία, but as he says Γαλατικὴ χώρα he speaks as a Greek and indicates the Roman pro- vince Galatia, or the Galatic province; a name by which the Greek-speaking natives called it, whilst sometimes they enumerated its parts, e.g., Pontus Gala- ticus, Phrygia Galatica, Expositor, pp. 126, 127, August, 1893 (Ramsay), and Hastings’ B.D., “' Galatia” (Ramsay), pp- 87-89, 1899 ; cf. the form of the derived adjective in -ικός in the pair Λακωνικὴ yy and Λακωγία. St. Paul on the other hand, speaking as a Roman citizen, used the word Γαλατία as = the Roman pro- vince, for not only is there evidence that Fak. could be so employed in current official usage (the contrary hypothesis 1s now abandoned by Schirer, one of its former staunch supporters, see Expositor, Με. 5., p. 128, and Hastings’ B.D., ii., 86), but it seems beyond all dispute that St. Paul in other cases classified his Churches in accordance with the Roman provinces, Asia, Macedonia, Achaia, Expositor, u. s., Ρ. 125; Zahn, Einleitung, i., 124; Renan, Saint Paul, p. 51; Hausrath, Neutest. Zeitgeschichte, iii, p. 135; Clemen, Chron. der Paulinischen Briefe, p. 121. Why then should the Churches of Gala- tia be interpreted otherwise? Ramsay (‘ Questions,” Expositor, January, 1899) may well appeal to Dr. Hort’s decisive acceptance of the view that in x Peter i. 1 (First Epistle of St. Peter, pp. 17, 158) the Churches are named according to the provinces of the Roman empire (a point emphasised by Hausrath, 1. s., in advo- cating the South-Galatian theory), and that in provincial Galatia St. Peter in- cluded at least the Churches founded by St. Paulin Galatia proper, z.¢.,in Phrygia xnd Lycaonia, although it must be re-
membered that Dr. Hort still followed Lightfoot in maintaining that the Gala- tians of St. Paul’s Epistle were true Galatians, and not the inhabitants of the Roman province. ‘ But if St. Peter, as Hort declares, classed Antioch, Iconium, Derbe and Lystra among the Churches of Galatia, must not Paul have done the same thing? Is it likely that 1 Peter, a letter so penetrated with the Pauline spirit, so much influenced by at least two Pauline Epistles, composed in such close relations with two of Paul’s coadjutors, Silas and Mark, should class the Pauline Churches after a method that Paul would not employ ?” (Ramsay, Expositor, January, 1899.) The Churches which in this view are thus included in the province Galatia, viz., Pisidian Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, Derbe, would be fitly addressed as Galatians by a Roman citizen writing to provincials proud of Roman names and titles (although Wendt (1899) urges this mode of address, Gal. ili. 1, as one of two decisive points against the South Galatian theory). For we must not forget that two of the four Churches in South Galatia were Roman colonie, Antioch and Lystra, whilst the two others mentioned in Acts xiv. bore an emperors name, Claudio-Iconium, Claudio-Derbe. That the title ‘‘ Galatians” might be so applied to the people of Roman ‘‘ Galatia” nas been sufficiently illustrated by Zahn, Einleitung, Ἱ., Ῥ. 130, and Ramsay, Ex- positor, August, 1898, cf. Tac., Ann., xiii., 35, xv.,6; Hist., Π., 9: and it is very note- worthy that in Phil. iv. 15 St. Paul in addressing the inhabitants of a Roman colonia addresses them by a Latin and not a Greek form of their name, Φιλιπ- πήσιοι = Latin, Philippenses, so that in addressing the four Churches of South Galatia, so closely connected with Rome as we have seen, St. Paul would naturally address them by the one title common to them all as belonging to a Roman pro- vince, Galate, Galatians; Ramsay, Ex- positor, August, 1898; McGiffert, Apos- tolic Age, pp. 177-179.