in the earlier period of the Apostle’s long residence at Ephesus, Acts xix. 1.
Lightfoot places it apparently on the journey between Macedonia and Achaia, Acts xx. 2, 2 Corinthians having been previously written during the Apostle’s residence in Macedonia (so Zahn), Ro- mans being dated a little later whilst St. Paul stayed in Corinth, Acts xx. 2, 3 (Galatians, pp. 39, 55). Dr. Clemen has since defended at great length his view, first put forward in Chronol. der Paul. Briefe, p. 199 ff., that Romans preceded Galatians, in Studien und Kritiken, 1897, 2, pp. 219-270; but see as against Clemen, Zahn, Einleitung, i., p. 142; Zockler, Die Briefe an die Thess. und Galater, p. 71; Sanday and Headlam, Romans, p. xxxviii. Mr. Askwith has recently discussed the points at issue between Ramsay and Lightfoot as to the date of Galatians, and in accepting the latter’s position as his own, he has shown that this is not incompatible with a firm recognition of the South Galatian theory, Epistle to the Galatians, p. 98 ff. Harnack, Chronol., Ρ. 239, declines to commit himself to any definite date for Galatians, and perhaps this conclusion is not surprising in rela- tion to an Epistle of which it may be truly said that it has been placed by different critics in the beginning, in the close, and in every intermediate stage of St. Paul’s epistolary activity, cf. Dr. Marcus Dods, ‘‘ Galatians,” Hastings’ B.D.
CHAPTER XIX.—Ver. 1. See critical note for Bezan reading.—'Aqodha, cf. xxi. I; see Blass, Gram., p. 31, and Winer-Schmiedel, p. 05.---τὰ ἀνωτερικὰ µέρη: The main road to Ephesus which passed through Colosse and Laodicea was not apparently taken by Paul, but a shorter though less frequented route run- ning through the Cayster valley. This route leads over higher ground than the
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