There is no need to suppose that the
word implied weakness of sight (Ram- say, St. Paul, p. 38).--ἄνδ. ἀδελ.: the omission of πατέρες suggests that he:
a
XXIII. r—2.
‘ Q a » > 3 / καταγαγὼν τὸν Παῦλον έστησεν εἰς αὐτούς.
465 XXIII. 1. ᾽Ατενίσας
δὲ 6 Παῦλος τῷ συνεδρίῳ εἶπεν, Άνδρες ἀδελφοί, ἐγὼ πάσῃ συνειδήσει
ἀγαθῇ πεπολίτευµαι τῷ Θεῷ ἄχρι ταύτης τῆς ἡμέρας.
2. ὁ δὲ
> ‘ > [ιά > / 9 ~ μη τρ , > na ἀρχιερεὺς ᾽Ανανίας ἐπέταξε τοῖς παρεστῶσιν αὐτῷ τύπτειν αὐτοῦ τὸ
addressed the assembly not as judges but as fellow-countrymen, On ἀδελ. see on i. 15. Itis of course possible, as Chry- sostom observes, that he did not wish to appear εὐκαταφρόνητος before the chili- ΑΤΟΠ.----συνειδήσει: the word occurs no less than thirty times in N.T., R.V., so also in John viii. 9, but 1 Cor. viii. 7, συνηθείᾳ, R.V., and of these no less than twenty times in St. Paul’s Epistles, twice in Acts, on both occasions by St. Paul, three times in 1 Peter, and five times in Hebrews, It may therefore be almost reckoned as a Pauline word. It does not occur at all in the Gospels (but cf. John viii. g), but it need hardly be said that our Lord distinctly appeals to its sanction, although the word is never uttered by Him. The N.T. writers found the word ready to their use. In Wisd. xvii. 10 (11) we have the nearest anticipation of the Christian use of the word, whilst it must not be forgotten that it first appears at least in philosophical importance amongst the Stoics. (In Eccles. x. 20 it is used but in a different sense, and in Ecclus. xlii. 18, but in the latter case the reading is doubtful, and if the word is retained, it is only used in the same sense as in Eccles. x. 2ο.) It is used by Chrysippus of Soli, or Tarsus, in Cilicia, Diog. Laert., vii., 8, but not perhaps with any higher _Meaning than self-consciousness. For the alleged earlier use of the word by Bias and Periander, and the remarkable parallel expression ἀγαθὴ σινείδησις attributed to the latter, see W. Schmidt, Das Gewissen, p. 6 (1889), and for two quotations of its use by Menander, Grimm-Thayer, sub v.; cf. also Davison, The Christian Conscience (Fernley Lec- tures), 1888, sec. ii. and vi.; Cremer, Worterbuch, sub v. ; Sanday and Head- fam, Rom. ii. 15, and for literature ‘*Conscience,”’ Hastings’ B.D. For the scriptural idea of the word cf. also West- cott, additional note, on Heb. ix. 9.— πεπολ.: however loosely the word may have been used ata later date, it seems that when St. Paul spoke, and when he wrote to the Philippians, it embraced the public duties incumbent on men as members of a body, Hort, Ecclesia, p. 137, Lightfoot on Phil. i. 27 (iii. 20), cf.