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24. ὑπὸ Ἰουδαίων " πεντάκις τεσσαράκοντα "παρὰ “μίαν ἔλαβον, 25. τρὶς ἐρραβδίσθην," ἅπαξ ἐλιθάσθην, τρὶς *évavdynoa, Ενυχθήµερον ἐν τῷ " βυθῷ πεποίηκα: 26. «μιας πολλάκις ὃ"
heya 16, Κ κινδύνοις ποταμῶν, κινδύνοις λῃστῶν, κινδύνοις ἐκ ᾿ γένους, κινδύ- ΤΟ iv. 6 νοις ἐξ ἐθνῶν, κινδύνοις ἐν πόλει, κινδύνοις ἐν “ ἐρημίᾳ, κινδύνοις ἐν
nly. εἶ viii. 35 only. 12 Macc. xii. 31.
m Mark viii. 4; Heb. xi. 38.
1 The preferable spelling is τεσσερακοντα with WB*DE, 3 The preferable spelling is εραβδισθην with all the uncials except M, 5 Ὁ)", ἃ, e and the Peshitto give πολλαις for πολλακις.
Paul’s life; he goes into more definite detail than elsewhere (cf. 1 Cor. iv. 11-13, chap. iv. 7-10, vi. 4-10), and gives us a more vivid picture of his extraordinary labours than would be possible to form from the narrative in the Acts alone. It will be remembered that his missionary career lasted for ten or eleven years after this Epistle was written, and that there- fore we cannot regard these verses as giving us a complete list of his trials.— ἐν κόποις K.T.A.: in labours more abun- dantly, sc., than they (cf. 1 Cor. xv. το), in prisons more abundantly (up to this point in his life we only know of one imprisonment, viz., at Philippi, Acts xvi. 23, but there must have been others; cf. Rom. xvi. 7, where he 8 s of Andronicus and Junias as having been his “ fellow-prisoners "ἢ on some occasion to which no other allusion had been pre- served. Afterwards we read of his being imprisoned at Jerusalem (Acts xxi. 33), at Cesarea (Acts xxiii. 35) and at Rome (Acts xxviii. 30), besides which the evi- dence of the Pastoral Epistles gives another Roman imprisonment. Clement of Rome (§ 5) speaks of St. Paul as seven times in bonds; εὖ vi. 5 above), in stripes above measure, details of which are given in the following verses (cf. Acts xxi. 32), in deaths oft, i.e., in trequent perils of death (cf. Acts ix. 23, xiv. 19, etc., and chaps. i. 10, vi. 9).
Ver, 24. ὑπὸ Ἰουδ. κ.τ.λ of the Fews five times received I orty stripes (there is an ellipse of πληγάς as at Luke xii. 47) save one. The Law forbad more than forty stripes (Deut. xxv. 3); and, to be on the safe side, it was the custom in the judicial scourgings of the synagogues (Matt. xxiii. 34, Acts xxii. 19) to stop short at thirty-nine. This punishment was so severe that death often ensued (cf. Josephus, Antt., iv., 8, 21); we know nothing of the circumstances under which it was inflicted on St. Paul.
Ver. 25. τρὶς ἐραβδίσθην κ.τ.λ. : thrice was I beaten with rods, i.e., “ virgis caesus sum,” a Roman, as distinct from the ¥ewish, method of scourging—dis- tinct too from flagellation with thongs (Matt. xxvii. 26). It was forbidden in the case of a Roman citizen by the Lex Porcia, but nevertheless St. Paul had endured it at Philippi (Acts xvi. 23, 37), and barely escaped it at Jerusalem (Acts xxii. 25). We do not know the other two occasions alluded to.—dwaf ἐλιθάσθην κ.τ.λ.; once was I stoned, i.e., at Lystra (Acts xiv. 19, and almost at Iconium, ver. 5), thrice I suffered shipwreck, of the circumstances of which we have no record, for the shipwreck on his voyage to Rome (Acts xxvii.) was subsequent to this, a night and a day have I been (there — to be no special reason here for
rf. in preference to the aorist) ἐν ‘ie ries cep, probably after one of the ship- wrecks (cf. Acts xxvii. 44). For ποιεῖν with words of time cf. Acts xv. 33, xx. 3, Jas. iv. 13.
Ver. 26. ὁδοιπορίαις πολλ. κ.τ.λ. ; in Journeyings often (of the extent of which the Acts gives us some idea; their dangers = now enumerated), in perils of rivers,