PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
The Expositor's Greek Testament — Volume 3
Nicoll, W. Robertson (editor), 1851-1923 · 383,339 words · 613 reading sections
Introduction.
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indicate here the system of chronology which has been adopted. Provisionally, the dates assigned to the principal events of St. Paul's life by Mr. Turner! will be taken as a basis for investigation. It is now pretty generally agreed among scholars that the dates formerly accepted, ¢.g., by Wieseler and Lightfoot, a…
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that it was in consequence of the lax morality of the Corinthians that he visited them in grief). 4, The reasons for holding that this visit (which we shall call the “Intermediate Visit’) took place are as follows. We have seen that St. Paul’s first visit to Corinth is recorded in Acts xviii, Another visit is ment…
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would naturally stir up party opposition, and would stimulate dis- affection on the part of the less stable members of the little community. The Lost Letter, then, consisted mainly of rules as to conduct, and was not concerned, so far as we know, with the question of schism, which had probably not yet arisen.! Two …
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which even the heathen did not tolerate. About the same time that these distressing reports reached Ephesus, a dutiful message to St. Paul was brought from Corinth by Stephanas, Fortunatus and Achaicus (1 Cor. xvi. 17). These envoys seem to have brought with them a letter asking for advice on certain points of con…
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iv. 11-13); but when he begins to speak of the bad living of his converts, and to comment on the shocking news which had reached him, his tone is one of severe and unsparing rebuke. He is astounded that such a scandal as has been mentioned to him (1 Cor. v. 1) should be endured for a moment, and he bids them excomm…
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and an unnamed brother (see note in loc.) were entrusted with it, This is confirmed by 2 Cor. ii. 13, vii. 6, passages which explain how St. Paul’s grave anxiety as to the reception which the Corin- thians would give to his letter of warning and rebuke was allayed by the news which Titus brought him about it (see n…
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had many good and staunch friends; and it was a suitable centre from which to visit the Christian communities formerly founded by him.} 10. Titus reported in the first instance that the Corinthians had loyally responded to the appeal made by St. Paul in 1 Cor. v. and vi. as to their treatment of the case of incest…
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that St. Paul’s language in the earlier letter sufficiently shows the high spiritual authority which he would have the Corinthians attach to the deliberate decisions of their assembled leaders. ‘In the name of our Lord Jesus, ye being gathered together, and my spirit, with the power of the Lord Jesus” (1 Cor. v. 4)…
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repent (1 Cor. iv. 18-21). But Titus seems to have reported that the factious opposition to St. Paul’s authority was even more bitter than it was before 1 Corinthians was written. The Apostle’s post- ponement of his visit gave the malcontents courage to break out into open defiance (2 Cor. x. 10-12). 13. On learni…
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vthers, possibly Luke and Barnabas, but of their names we cannot be certain (2 Cor. viii. 18, 22, where see notes). The Epistle being despatched, St. Paul travelled slowly through Macedonia, arriving at Corinth in due course as he had promised (1 Cor. xvi. 5, 6), and staying there three months (Acts xx. 3). This pe…
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as 1 Cor. iii. 12-15, iv. 11-13, v. 1-6, 19, vi. 5, 9-11. Had the structure of 1 Corinthians been sufficiently attended to, | cannot think that this objection would ever have seemed forcible. And so with 2 Cor. vii. 8. It has been urged against the identification of the « Painful Letter ” with 1 Corinthians that “ …
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to convey (although the Corinthians had misunderstood his counsel) that the ban could not be taken off by the same authority which had imposed it, if evidence of penitence were forthcoming. Indeed the identification of ὃ ἀδικήσας in 2 Cor. vii. 12 with the offender of 1 Cor. v. 1 seems to be not doubtful when the l…
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1 Cor. vi.8. There are also some other links connecting the “ Painful Letter’? with 1 Corinthians which should not be overlooked. In 2 Cor. ii. 4 St. Paul is careful to explain that the letter which was written with tears was written οὐχ iva λυπηθῆτε, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἀγάπην ἵνα γνῶτε ἣν ἔχω περισσοτέρως eis ὑμᾶς. It might…
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Another scheme agreeing with this, in so far as it refuses to identify the Painful Letter with 1 Corinthians, has recently been expounded by Dr. Robertson.! This writer holds that after the despatch of 1 Corin- thians by the hands of Titus, St. Paul changed the plan of travel announced in that letter (1 Cor. xvi. 5…
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And it has not been proved, as we have seen (§§ 14, 15), that the “ Painful Letter” of 2 Cor. ii. 4, vii. 8, cannot have been the First Canonical Epistle to the Corinthians. It is upon this supposed impossibility that the whole edifice of theory rests, and the base does not appear—to the present writer at least—to …
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to that city. 9. On his return he wrote from Ephesus the Painful Letter, of which the end is preserved to us in 2 Cor, x-xiii. 10. Mission of Timothy to Macedonia (Acts xix. 22). 11. Mission of Titus to Corinth to subdue the rebels there. 12. On Titus’ report of the success of his mission St. Paul wrote from Macedo…
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with wise diplomacy as with the self-respect which formed so marked a feature in St. Paul’s character.”! But to argue thus is to over- look the fact that St. Paul’s instructions about the collection in 1 Cor. xvi. 1-5 were given in answer to queries addressed to him on the subject by the Church of Corinth. The firs…
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6. It is time to adduce the passages upon which defenders of the theory that chaps. x.-xiii. constitute a part of the Painful Letter mainly depend. The case is best put by Dr. Kennedy,? who produces ΕἼ cannot think that Dr. Kennedy’s view (loc. cit., p. 102) that the “" minority " here indicated were out-and-out su…
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as earlier in date than the Four.!. When internal evidence leads competent scholars to such entirely divergent conclusions, it is a natural inference that the arguments on which they rely do not amount to demonstration. 7. It is further to be borne in mind that the theory which regards chaps. i.-ix. and chaps. x.-…
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Under these circumstances we fall back on the prima facie case, which is that the Second Epistle to the Corinthians is an ens integrum, and we proceed to bring forward some of the positive data which point to its unity. 8. First, attention should be directed to passages in chaps. x.- xiii. which point back to pass…
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εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ; and the language is sufficiently similar to suggest that x. 5 was written while the phrases of ix. 13 were still in his mind. (e) The concluding summary of the Epistle (xiii. 11) is important (see note im loc.). The exhortations yaipere... παρακαλεῖσθε are specially noteworthy, for they exac…
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occurs in vi. 5 and xi. 27, but nowhere else in the N.T. (jf) προσ- αναπληροῦν occurs in ix. 12 and xi. 9, but nowhere else in the N.T. (g) ἕτοιμος occurs both in ix. 5 and x. 6, 16; only once again in St. Paul (Tit. iii. 1). (h) δυνατεῖν is found in ix. 8 and xiii. 3; only once again in St. Paul (Rom. xiv. 4). (1)…
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has been made out for its rejection; and I have given (in the notes in loc.) the reasons which seem to me to justify the Pauline authorship of the section, and plausibly to explain its insertion at this particular point. It is not impossible (though for the hypothesis there is no external authority) that the sectio…
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2. External evidence is, however, of little importance in the case of a letter which so clearly betrays its authorship as 2 Corinthians does. It is unmistakably Pauline, in the tone and character of its teaching, no less than in its style and vocabulary. No Epistle lets us see more of the working of the Apostle’s m…
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occupied with the reflections which are suggested by the report brought by Titus as to the response of the Corinthian Church to the injunctions of the First Epistle in the matter of the incestuous man. In this section there is a digression of great doctrinal import- ance on the Ministry of the New Covenant (iii. 7-…
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I. The obedience of the Corinthians to the instructions of the First Epistle. Introductory— Address (1, 1, 2). God’s consolations and the sympathy of sorrow (i. 3-7). His recent peril (i. 8-11). His sincerity of purpose— They must acknowledge it (i. 12-14). His change of plan was not due to fickleness (i. 15-22…
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D. Codex Claromontanus (sec. vi.), a Greco-Latin MS. at Paris, edited by Tischendorf in 1852. D> and De denote the readings introduced by correctors of the seventh and ninth centuries respectively. The Latin text is represented by d; it follows the Old Latin version with modifications. E. Codex Sangermanensis (szc…
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2. The minuscule or cursive manuscripts are very numerous, and only a few of special interest are occasionally cited in the critical apparatus. 17, the “queen of cursives” (ssc. ix.), is at Paris; 37 (636. xv.) is the well-known Leicester Codex = Ev. 69; and 73 (szec. xi.) is at Upsala. 3. Versions. Of these the L…
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learning and suggestiveness. Schnedermann’s edition of the Epistles to the Corinthians (in Strack-Zéckler's Kommentar) has also been found useful at some points. Bengel’s Gnomon and Field’s detached Notes have, of course, been diligently consulted.! In this edition the interpretation which has seemed on the whole …
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cActsix. 13; σὸν τοῖς " ἁγίοις πᾶσι τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ᾿Αχαΐᾳ" 2. χάρις ὑμῖν 1 Cor. xvi. ἀπ chap. καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ Κυρίου ᾿Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ. ΣΦ ὁ 4 Εὐλογητὸς ὁ “Θεὸς καὶ “πατὴρ τοῦ "Κυρίου ἡμῶν “᾿Ιησοῦ dPs. ο "Χριστοῦ, ὁ πατὴρ τῶν ‘ οἰκτιρμῶν καὶ " Θεὸς πάσης " παρακλήσεως, 53: Lki 4. ὁ Ὁ παρακαλ…
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times, of which seven are in this Epistle, ᾿ where the word occurs altogether seven- teen times. C/. ver. 6, ii. 7, 8, v. 20, vi. I, Vii. 6, 7, 13, Viii. 6, ix. 5, x. 1, xii. 8, 18, xiii. Τ1.---εἷς τὸ δύνασθαι κ.τ.λ.: to the end that we may be able to comfort them that are in any affliction (sc., any that may ha…
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8, etc.).—év ὑπομονῇ: ὑπομονή means expectation or hopeful waiting in the canonical books of the LXX; but is often used for steadfast endurance in Ecclus. and in 4 Macc. (see 4 Macc. xvii. 12). It is a favourite word with St. Paul in this latter sense, in which it is always used in the N.T. (cf., e.g., Luke xxi.…
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but mentions it only to inform them of its gravity, and to assure them of his trust in his ultimate deliverance. On the whole, it seems most likely that the reference is to grievous bodily sickness, which brought the Apostle down to the gates of death (see ver. 9, and cf. chap. iv. 10 and xii. ff.). Such an affl…
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41 m. iv. ἵνα ἐκ πολλῶν "προσώπων τὸ εἰς ἡμᾶς χάρισμα διὰ πολλῶν 2 Here only. a Prov. viii. 30andreff. below. 12. Ἡ γὰρ “καύχησις ἡμῶν αὕτη ἐστὶ, τὸ μαρτύριον τῆς “ συνειδή- > Chaps. iv. το, 1x. 12. ~ , - σεως ἡμῶν, ὅτι ἐν ἁπλότητι ὃ καὶ " εἰλικρινείᾳ Θεοῦ,7 οὐκ ὃ ἐν σοφίᾳ ct Cor. xv. a 9 Ss , af , 3 - / σαρ…
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g1 Cor. xiii. δ 12, χίν, 37, Τέρως δὲ πρὸς ὑμᾶς. xvi. 18; chaps. vi. 9, xiii. 5. 1 BG om. αλλ’. 13. οὐ γὰρ ἄλλα γράφομεν ὑμῖν ἀλλ᾽} ἢ " ἃ ἀναγινώσκετε, ἢ ὃ καὶ " ἐπιγινώσκετε, ἐλπίζω δὲ ὅτι καὶ ΄ ἕως τέλους 7A om. a 5 B and a few cursives omit η και επιγνωσκετε (through homceoteleuton); GK, the Latin, Peshitt…
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Ver. 13. οὐ γὰρ ἄλλα κ.τ.λ.; for we write none other things unto you than what ye read (ἀναγινώσκειν always means ‘toread "’ in St. Paul’s Epp. and through- out the N.T.) or even acknowledge ; 1.¢., there is no hidden meaning in his letters; he means what he says, as to which doubts seem to have been prevalent a…
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Ver. 16. προπεμφθῆναι: forward on my journey”. το πο οι The practice 44 m Ἄδα μοι, πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ ὑφ ὑμῶν “ προπεμφθῆναι εἰς τὴν ᾿Ιουδαίαν. τι ἄρα τῇ $3 re τοῦτο οὖν Boudeudpevos! μή XV. 24; 1 Cor. xvi. 17. “éhappia ἐχρησάμην ; ἢ ἃ 6, 11; Tit. “ βουλεύομαι, " κατὰ " σάρκα βουλεύομαι, ἵνα ἡ παρ᾽ ἐμοὶ τὸ “ να…
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Ver. 19. He has appealed to the faithfulness of God, and this s the thought of the unchangeableness of Christ.—é τοῦ Θεοῦ γὰρ vids κ.τ.λ.: for the Son of God, Christ Fesus, who was proclaimed ou us. position of rod Θεοῦ before γάρ (as in the true text) brings out the sequence of thought better, as it brings Θεο…
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Tisch. retains it before και, but significance as applied to Christ has just been expounded, is a fitting climax. δι᾽ ἡμῶν in this clause includes, of course, both St. Paul and his correspondents; it refers, indeed, to the general practice of Christians in their public devotions. Ver. 21. ὃ δὲ βεβαιῶν κ.τ.λ.: no…
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23. ἐγὼ δὲ μάρτυρα τὸν Θεὸν ἐπικαλοῦμαι ἐπὶ τὴν ἐμὴν ψυχὴν, : ἣν αἰ 6, - ὅτι " φειδόμενος ὑμῶν οὐκέτι 1 ἦλθον εἰς Κόρινθον: 24. " οὐχ ὅτι y Sohal Σκυριεύομεν ὑμῶν” τῆς πίστεως, ἀλλὰ συνεργοί ἐσμεν τῆς χαρᾶς ὑμῶν, — Hi σον, ὁ . 17; 2 Thess. ili. 9. z Rom. vi. 9, 14, vii. 1, xiv. 9; 1 Tim. wi. 15. 1 G has οὐκ, whi…
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Ver. 2. εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ κ.τ.λ.; for if I make you sorry, who then is he that makes me glad, but he who is made sorry by me ὃ His argument is: When I make you sorry, it is that you may repent (see chap. vii. 9), and so gladden me: my change of purpose was not prompted by the desire of giving pain, but on the con- "τῇ…
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48 h 1 Thess. ii.9; 2 Il. ἵνα μὴ " ἐπιβαρῶ πάντας ὑμᾶς. 6. ‘ixavdv τῷ " τοιούτῳ ἡ | ἐπιτιμία Thess. iii. αὕτη ἡ ὑπὸ " τῶν " πλειόνων - 7. ὥστε " τοὐναντίον μᾶλλον ' ὑμᾶς 8 only. ἐς Cor. xv. ° χαρίσασθαι καὶ παρακαλέσαι, μήπως τῇ περισσοτέρᾳ λύπῃ " κατα- i 16, ii. ποθῇ ὁ τοιοῦτος. 8. διὸ παρακαλῶ ὑμᾶς “ κυρῶσαι …
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Ver. 7. ὥστε τοὐναντίον μᾶλλον κ.τ.λ.: so that contrariwise ye should rather forgive him and comfort him (cf., for the sentiment, Ecclus. viii. 5, Col. iii, 13, Eph. iv. 32). We should expect some verb like δεῖν, but it is perhaps sufficiently suggested by ὥστε. χαρίζεσθαι is gene- rally found in the N.T. in the…
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of Christ”. πρόσωπον (see on i. 11) is a ‘*face,” and so ἐν προσ. Χρ. is a stronger way of saying ἐνώπιον Χριστοῦ (cf. chap. iv. 2, viil. 21, Gal. i. 20); the Apostle claims that his acts of condemnation and forgiveness are done as ‘in the presence of Christ”. Both A.V. and R.V. render ‘Cin the person of Christ,…
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Ver. 13. οὐκ ἔσχηκα ἄνεσιν τῷ πν.: I had no relief for my spirit. So he says again (vil. 5) ἐλθόντων ἡμῶν εἰς Μακεδονίαν οὐδεμίαν ἔσχηκεν ἄνεσιν ἡ σὰρξ ἡμῶν. We are not to lay much stress on πνεῦμα being used here and σάρξ there (yet cf. chap. vii. 1); σάρξ in the later passage is used of the whole mortal natur…
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51 τοῖς ἢ ἀπολλυμένοις - τό. οἷς μὲν ὀσμὴ | θανάτου 3 εἰς θάνατον, οἷς δ 1 Cor. i. δὲ ὀσμὴ 1 ζωῆς” εἰς ζωήν, καὶ πρὸς ταῦτα τίς ‘ikavds; 17. οὐ γάρ ἐσμεν, ὡς οἱ ® " πολλοὶ ' καπηλεύοντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλ᾽ ὡς". 18; Chap. iv. 3; 2 Thess. ii. 10, etc. Reff. ver. 6. ἐξ Ἡ εἰλικρινείας, ἀλλ᾽ ds ἐκ Θεοῦ, κατεν…
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ζ2 a Chaps. ν. 12, X. 12, 18; cf. chaps. iv. 2, Vi. 4, Vii. 11. III. 1. ΑΡΧΟΜΕΘΑ πάλιν " ἑαυτοὺς" συνιστάνειν; εἰ" μὴ χργζομεν, ὥς ὃ τινες, " συστατικῶν ἐπιστολῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἢ ἐξ ὑμῶν συστατικῶν “; 2. ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ἡμῶν ὑμεῖς ἐστε, "ἐγγεγραμμένη ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις bHere only. ἡμῶν, γινωσκομένη καὶ ἀναγινωσκομένη ὑ…
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Ver. 2. ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ἡμῶν κ.τ.λ.; ye are our epistle. They are his ποδια, Cf. 1 Cor. ix. 2, where he tells them that they are the '' seal"’ of his apostleship. Note the emphasis laid on ἐπιστολή by its position in the sentence.—éyyey ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν: written in our hearts, i.e., in the heart of me, Paul (cf.…
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Ver. 6. ὃς καὶ ἱκάνωσεν κ.τ.λ.: who also (‘‘ qui idem”; cf. 1 Cor. i. 8) made us sufficient as ministers of the New Covenant—{ministers] not of the letter (i.e., the Law), but of the Spirit ; for the letter killeth, but the Spirit giveth life. The Apostle’s opponents at Corinth were probably Judaisers (xi. 22), …
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Vv. 7-11. DIGRESSION ON THE MINIS- TRY ΟΡ THE New 6 ΙΝΕΝΑΝΤ. It 18 (a) MORE GLORIOUS THAN THAT OF THE OLD. —Ver. 7. εἰ δὲ ἡ διακονία κ.τ.λ.; but if the Ministration of Death (see ver. 6), written, and engraven in stones, came into existence in glory, etc. The refer- ence is to the glory on the face of Moses (se…
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Ver. το. καὶ yap οὐ δεδόξασται: for that which hath been made glorious, 56., the Ministration of the Old Covenant, hath not [really] been made glorious in this respect, viz.,on account of the sur- passing glory (of the Ministration of the New Covenant) ; 7.e., the surpassing glory of the second made the glory of…
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Ver. τῷ, ἔχοντες οὖν τοιαύτην κ.τ.λ.: having therefore such a hope (sc., of the glorious Ministration of the Spirit, ver. 8; αι ver. 4) we use great boldness of speech. he verses which follow are parentheti- cal down to ver. 18, where the subject is again we, i.e., all Christian believers, as contrasted with Jew…
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Ver. 15. ἀλλ᾽ ἕως σήμερον K.T.A.: but unto this day, whensoever Moses (sc., the Law; cf. Acts xv. 21) is read, a veil lieth upon their heart. It will be observed that the image has been changed as the application of Exod. xxxiv. 2g ff. pro- ceeds: in that history the veil was upon the face of Moses; here it is u…
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as Moses under the Old Covenant), re- flecting as a mirror the glory of the Lord, sc., of Jehovah (see cefl.), which is the glory of Christ (cf. John xvii. 24), are transformed into the same image, sc., of Christ (see reff.), from glory to glory (i.t., progressively and without interruption, and so unlike the tr…
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καθάπερ: ἀπὸ Κυρίου Πνεύματος. πάμεθα τὰ " κρυπτὰ τῆς “ αἰσχύνης, μὴ " περιπατοῦντες "ἐν 1 ἐνώπιον τοῦ | Θεοῦ. 59 IV. 1. Διὰ τοῦτο ἔχοντες τὴν 3 Lk: xviii. 1; Gal. , “ Η . διακονίαν ταύτην, καθὼς ἠλεήθημεν, οὐκ " ἐκκακοῦμεν,” 2. ἀλλ᾽ " ἀπει- τί. ο. f ί Thess. iti πανουργίᾳ - A ; A ἦ ΡῪ κ > 13; and μηδὲ Ε δολ…
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60 Pérdgdwoe τὰ “νοήματα τῶν ἀπίστων, εἰς 5. οὐ γὰρ ἑαυτοὺς t Wisd. vii. 26; reff. δ chap- γέλιον " ἡμῶν, ἐν τοῖς »ἀπολλυμένοις ἐστὶ κεκαλυμμένον 4. ἐν οἷς ὁ ΚΝ Jakn Θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου ἤν 1 only τὸ μὴ τ αὐγάσαι } αὐτοῖς 2 τὸν "φωτισμὸν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς δόξης « XL. ΓᾺΡ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν "εἰκὼν τοῦ ' Θε…
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Ver. 5. οὐ yap ἑαντοὺς κιτιλ.: for we preach not ourselves, but Christ Fesus 4—9.- ὑμῶν 1 διὰ ᾿Ιησοῦν.2 61 6. ὅτι ὁ8 Θεὸς ὁ εἰπὼν ἐκ σκότους φῶς Y C/ Hab. 1, 14. λάμψαι,“ ὃς ὃ ἔλαμψεν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν, πρὸς φωτισμὸν τῆς W See oni. " γνώσεως τῆς " δόξης τοῦ ὃ Θεοῦ ἐν "προσώπῳ Ἰησοῦ ἴ Χριστοῦ. x Col. ii. 3; …
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6 Heb. vi.t Εκαταβαλλόµενοι, ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ ἀπολλύμενοι: 1Ο. πάντοτε τὴν "νέκρωσιν only; 2 Kings iii, τοῦ Κυρίου 1 ᾿Ιησοῦ 5 ἐν τῷ σώματι ὃ ' περιφέροντες, ἵνα καὶ ἡ ζωὴ 5 Rom. ἵν. τοῦ Ἰησοῦ + ἐν τῷ ὁ σώματι ἡμῶν " φανερωθῇ. 19 only; 5; Heb. ΧΙ, ΙΖ. i Mk. vi. 55; Eph. iv. 14 only; 2 Macc. vii. 27. 11. del® γὰρ ἡμεῖς …
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flesh" (Col. i. 24), the conception of the intimate union in cufiering τας δον Christ and the Christian having been already touched on in i. 5. And such union in suffering involves a present manifestation in us of the Life of Christ, as well as ultimate union with Him in glory (Rom. viii. 17, cf. John xiv. 19). …
678 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1897); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.