' y ; ο-- 0ο]. i. 21; ch. iv. 18; see note. John i. 12 al.; Rom. ix. 8; ch. v. 8; 1 Pet. i. 14; 2 Pet. ii. 14; Isa. ἵν]. 4. ri Thess. iv. 13, ν. 6; 1 Tim. ν. 20; Rev. xi. 13 al.
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πνεύματος τοῦ νῦν ' ἐνεργοῦντος ἐν τοῖς " υἱοῖς τῆς " ἀπειθείας, 3. ἐν h=Luke ix.
55; Rom. Vili. 15;
1 Cor. iv. 2132 Tim. i.
7; τ Johr iv. 1 ff.
k Ch. v. 6; Col. iii. 6 only; υἱὲ, = John Xvii. 12; 2 Thess. ii. 5; see Isa. lvii. 4; l=2 Cor. i. 12 (and constr.) ; 1 Tim. iii. 15; 1 Pet. i. 17;
m Gal. v. 16; 1 Pet. 11. 11; 1 John ii. 16. p=Matt. xi. 19; q Rom. ii. 14; Gal
ἅπαντ. om. 17, 68, 74, 115, v.-ms., Syr., Ar.-erp., Tert., Ambrst, ; παντες np. 73;
et nos et omnes Fortun-in Aug.
3 For ηµεν, ηµεθα 398 17, 73, Orig.,; text ADEFGKLP, Clem., Did., Chr., Thdrt.,
Dam., al.
4 φυσ. tex. ADEFGLP 3, 37, 80, 106-8-16, It., Vlg., Arm., Orig.,, Did., Thdrt., Lat. Fathers; text ἡ ΒΚ, al. pler. Orig.,, Chr., Dam., Tert.; φυσει om. 109, Eth., Clem. ; τεκνα οργής φυσει Cyr. ; οργης τεκνα Clem.
lation. But the same or similar forms are found now and again in profane Greek, especially in inscriptions and in dignified speech (cf. Plato’s use of ἔκγο- vos, Phaedr., p. 275 Ὁ), the vies τύχης of the Tragedians, etc. ; see Deissmann, Bible Studies, pp. 161-166. The νῦν does not refer to the present in contrast with the future of the Parousia (Olsh.), nor with any other future; nor again is it = " Even now,” which would have been καὶ νῦν. It looks back upon the previous πότε, and contrasts the present working of the πνεῦμα with the past. Once that spirit worked in all those addressed ; now it works not in them indeed, but in those given over to disobedience to God’s will. So the lordship belonging to the Prince of evil extends not only over all those malign powers whose seat is in the air, but also and more particularly over that Spirit who operates as an energy of wickedness in the hearts of men opposed to God. Ver. 3. ἐν οἷς καὶ ἡμεῖς πάντες ἄνεσ- τράφημέν ποτε: among whom also we all had our life and walk aforetime. The AV gives ‘also we all”; Tynd., Cov., Gen., ‘‘we also had”; Bish., “we all had”; RV, “we also 411". The ἐν ots cannot mean “in which trespasses” (so Syr., Jer., Beng., etc.); for the ὑμῶν of ver. I is against that, and the form would have been ἐν αἷς as ruled by the nearest noun ἁμαρτίαις. It can only refer to the viol τῆς ἀπειθείας. The καὶ ἡμεῖς πάν- τες is in contrast with the καὶ ὑμᾶς of νετ. 1 and the περιεπατήσατε of ver. 2. Paul had begun by speaking of the moral condition of these Gentiles before their conversion. He now adds that these
Gentiles were in no exceptional position in that respect, but that all, Jews as well as Greeks, Jewish-Christians like himself no less than Gentile Christians like his readers, had been among those who once lived in obstinate disobedience to God. Paul seldom misses the opportunity of declaring the universal sinfulness of men, the dire level of corruptness on which all, however they differed in race or privilege, stood. So here the ἡμεῖς πάντες is best taken in its utmost breadth—not merely “all the Jewish-Christians” (Mey.), but = the whole body of us Christians, Jewish and Gentile alike included. For the περιεπατήσατε of ver. 2 we have now ἀνεστράφημεν, “had our conversation” (AV), ‘“ conversed” (Rhem.), “ lived”
(RV). Like the Heb. on it denotes one’s walk, his active, open life, his way of conducting himself.—év ταῖς ἐπιθυμί- αις τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν: in the lusts of our flesh. Definition of the domain or ele- ment in which their life once was spent. It kept within the confines of the appetites and impulses proper to fallen human nature or springing from it. The noun ἐπιθυμία has its usual sense of craving, the craving in particular of what is for- bidden ; σάρξ in like manner has its large, theological sense, human nature as such, in its physical, mental and moral entirety, considered as apart from God and under the dominion of sin.— ποιοῦντες τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκὸς καὶ τῶν διανοιῶν: doing the desires of the flesh and of the thoughts. The ποι- οῦντες is sufficiently represented by the “doing ” of Wycl., Cov., Rhem., RV.