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(Matt. xxi. 16; 1 Cor. xiii. 11), and then minors (Gal. iv. 1), the immature or un- taught (Matt. xi. 25; Rom. ii. 20; Heb. v. 13, εἰς.).---κλυδωνιζόμενοι : tossed to and fro. κλύδων means a dashing or surging wave (Luke viii. 24 ; James i. 6; cf. Thayer-Grimm’s Lexz., sub voce); and κλυδωνιζόμενοι means tossed about by waves (cf. LXX of Isa. lvii. 20). In the changefulness and agitation which were the results of their unthinking submission to false teaching their pao ee or lack of Christian manhood was seen,—kal περιφερόμενοι πάντι ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασ- i τηλοῦ and carried about by every wind o doctrine. The ἀνέμῳ is the instrum.
at, ; the article τῆς denotes that doctrine in the abstract is meant—‘‘every kind and degree of it” (Ell.). διδασκαλία means teaching, either in the sense ot instructing (Rom. xii. 7, xv. 4; 1 Tim. iv. 13, 16, v. 17; 2 Tim. iii. 10, 16; Tit. ii. 7), or in that of doctrine, the thing taught (x Tim. i. το, iv. 6, vi. 1, 3; 2 Tim. iv. 3; Tit. i. 9, ii, σ, 1Ο). Here AV, RV, EIL, etc., take the second sense. ‘‘In the fact that now this, now that, is taught accor- ding to varying tendencies, there blows, now this, now that, wind of doctrine” (Mey.).—@ τῇ κυβείᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων : in the sleight pe spa For κυβείᾳ TWH give the form κνβίφᾳ, flak μας may be the instrumental ἐν (so ., Haupt, etc.). But the contrast with the follow- ing ἐν ἀγάπῃ (ver. 15) points rather to the usual force of év as=in (so Vulg., Copt., etc.), the κυβεία being the “ element, the evil atmosphere, as it were, in which the varying currents of doctrine exist and exert their force” (Ell.). κνβεία means dice-playing (e.g., in Plato, Phaedr., p. 274 D), and then deception, fraud. Some (e.g., Beza, Von Soden, etc.) give it the sense of levity, or putting at stake—a shade of meaning occasionally expressed by the verb κυβεύειν (¢.g., Plato, Prot., p. 314 A). The idea expressed here by the κυβεία itself might be simply that of hazard, unsettlement, with reference to the uncertainties into which the νήπιοι were cast by the diverse forms of false teaching under which they fell (ο. Haupt). But it is in the character, not of gamesters, but deceivers that the false teachers are immediately presented (cf. Mey.). This “sleight of men” is in contrast with ‘‘the faith and the knowledge of Christ,” or it may be with the pure, sure word of God by which the faith and knowledge of the Son of God came.—év πανουργίᾳ πρὸς τὴν μεθοδείαν τῆς πλάνης : in crafti- ness with a view to the machination of error. The renderings of the great Ver-