ο
in which they love, or the element in which their love has its being. It is a love that ‘‘ knows neither change, dimin- ution, nor decay” (Ell.). The closing ἀμήν added by the TR is found in ΝΟ KPL, most cursives, Syr., Boh., etc.; but not in ΒΝ ΑΘ, 17, Arm., etc. It is omitted by LTTrWHRV.
The subscription πρὸς Ἐφεσίους ἐγρά- φη ἀπὸ Ρώμης διὰ Τυχικοῖ is omitted by LTWH; while Treg. gives simply πρὸς Ἐφεσίους. Like the subscriptions appended to Rom., Phil., and 2 Tim., it chronicles a view of the Epistle that is easier to reconcile with fact than is the case with others (1 and 2 Thess., Tit., and espec. 1 Cor., Gal., 1 Tim.). In the oldest MSS. it is simply πρὸς Ἐφεσίους. In the Versions, later MSS., and some of the Fathers it takes various longer forms. The form represented in the TR and the AV is not older than Euthalius, Deacon of Alexandria and Bishop of Sulca, who flourished perhaps in the middle of the fifth century.
της εσας ΘΕ PAUL το THE
THe CuHurcH ΑΡΡΒΕΘΘΕΡ. The town of Philippi occupied a commanding situation on the rocky slopes of a steep hill which overlooked, on the one side, the spacious plain of Drama watered by the Gangites (or Angites, Herodot., vii., 113), and, on the other, the pass between Mount Pangzeum (south-west of Philippi) and the spurs of Hemus. Through this pass ran the famous Roman road, the Via Egnatia (see Tafel, De Via Militari Romanorum Egnatia, Tibing., 1842), connecting Dyrrhachium on the Adriatic with the Hellespont. Its importance as a strategic position was manifest. Its value as a commercial centre was no less evident, standing as it did on the busy Roman thoroughfare which joined East and West, and being itself the emporium of a large industry which circled about the rich gold mines dotted over the surrounding region. Originally it had borne the name of Κρηνίδες (or αἱ Κρηνίδες), derived, perhaps, from the copious streams which flowed through the plain (Strabo, vii., Frag. 34, ταῖς Κρηνίσιν ὅπου νῦν ot Φίλιπποι πόλις ἵδρυται ; Appian, B. Ο., iv., 105, οἱ δὲ Φίλιπποι πόλις ἐστὶν 7 Δάτος ὠνομάζετο πάλαι καὶ Κρηνίδες ἔτι πρὸ Δάτου). Philip of Macedon, in his victorious career, quickly discerned the value of the country bordering on Mount Pangeum. He recognised a source of vast profit in the gold and silver mines, which, up till now, had only been partially exploited. But a local centre of influence was necessary to command this coveted territory. Accord- ingly, by enlarging the former Krenides, he founded a new city, to which he gave his own name, Philippi (see Diod. Sic., xvi., 8, 6, ταύτην μὲν ἐπαὐξήσας οἰκητόρων πλήθει μετωνόμασε Φιλίππους ἀφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ προσαγορέυσας - τὰ δὲ κατὰ τὴν χώραν χρυσεῖα μέταλλα παντελῶς ὄντα λιτὰ καὶ ἄδοξα ταῖς κατασκευαῖς ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ηὔξησεν ὥστε δύνασθαι φέρειν αὐτῷ πρόσοδον πλεῖον ἢ ταλάντων χιλίων).
This Greek city attracted the notice of Augustus after his defeat of Brutus and Cassius in its immediate neighbourhood in 42 Β.ο, Having to find places of settlement for Italian soldiers who had served their time and could not be maintained in Italy, he established at Philippi, among other towns, a Roman colony, to which he granted