Ver. 1τ. κατευθύναι (optative), as al- ready (Acts xvi. 8-10, xvii. 1). The singular (cf. II., ii, 16, 17) implies that God and Jesus count as one in this con- nection. The verb is common (é.g., Ep. Arist., 18, etc.) in this sense of providence directing human actions.
Vv. 12,13. The security and purity of the Christian life are rested upon its brotherly love (so Ep. Arist., 229); all breaches or defects of ἁγιωσύνη, it is im- plied, are due to failures there (cf. iv. 3, 6); even sensuality becomes a form of selfishness, on this view, as much as im- patience or resentment. This profound ἀγάπη ‘is an ever-fixed mark That looks-
ἵν. 1—3.
33
IV. τ. " λοιπὸν οὖν, ἀδελφοί, ἢ ἐρωτῶμεν ὑμᾶς καὶ παρακαλοῦμεν a “ Locutio
ἐν Κυρίῳ ᾿Ιησοῦ, ἵνα καθὼς παρελάβετε
: i A Ξ περιπατεῖν “Kat " ἀρέσκειν Θεῷ, καθὼς καὶ περιπατεῖτε,
σεύητε μᾶλλον: 2. οἴδατε γὰρ τίνας διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἸΙησοῦ. Altre
naris in Exp.5 viii. 429 f. b Phil. iv. 3.
5, Viteau, 1. 132, Win. ὃ 18, 2. on tempests and is never shaken;” it fixes the believing man’s life in the very life of God, by deepening its vital powers of growth; no form of ἁγιωσύνη which sits loose to the endless obligations of this ἀγάπη will stand the strain of this life or the scrutiny of God’s tribunal at the end.—tpas δὲ, what ever becomes of us.—ayiwv, either (a) . ‘*saints”” (as II., i. το, De Wette,- Hof- mann, Zimmer, Schmidt, Everling, Ka- bisch, Findlay, Wohl.), or (8) ‘‘ angels” (Ex. i. 9; Ps. Sol. xvii. 49, etc.. Hiihn, Weiss, Schrader, Titius, Schmiedel, Lueken), or (c) both (cf. 4 Esd. vii. 28, xiv. 9; Bengel, Alford, Wohl., Askwith, Ellicott, Lightfoot, Milligan). The remini- scence of Zech. xiv. 5 (L.XX) is almost de- cisive for (δ), though Paul may have put another content into the term; πάν- τῶν must not be pressed to support (c). In any case, the phrase goes closely with παρουσίᾳ. The ἅγιοι are a retinue.
CuapTER IV.-Ver. 1-CHAPTER V.-Ver. αι. Spectal instructions (iv. 1-12) on chastity, etc.
Ver. 1. Resuming the thought of il. 11, 12 as well as of iii. 10-13. Cf. a pre- Christian letter in Oxyrh. Papyri, iv. 294 (13 ἐρωτῶ σε οὖν ἵνα μὴ, 6 f. ἐρωτῶ σε καὶ παρακαλῶ σε). The ἵνα, repeated often for the sake of clearness, is sub-final (so Π., iii. 12) = infinitive, cf. Moulton, i. 206 f. Paul meant to write οὕτως καὶ περιπατῆτε, but the parenthesis of praise (κ. καὶ π.) leads him to assume that and to plead for fresh progress along the lines already laid down by himself.
Ver. 2. Almost a parenthesis, as Bahnsen points out in his study, of 1-12 (Zeitschrift f. wiss. Theol., 1904, 332-358). The injunctions (παραγγελίαι in semi- military sense, as 1 Tim. i. 18) relate to chastity (3-8) and charity, (9, 10), witha postscript against excitement and idle- ness (11, 12).--παραγγ. for the cognate use of this term (cf. ver. 8) in the inscrip- tions of Dionysopolis (παραγγέλλω πᾶσιν μὴ καταφρονεῖν τοῦ θεοῦ) cf. Exp. Ti., x. 150.---διὰ «.7.A., the change from the ἐν of ver. 1 does not mean that the Thes-