Κρήσκης εἰς Γαλατίαν: sc. ἐπορεύθη. Crescens and Titus are not reproached for their absence. This passage, with the variant Γαλλίαν (see apparat. crit.), is the source of all that is said about Crescens by later writers.
Γαλατίαν : That this means the Roman province, or the region in Asia Minor (so Const. Apost. vii. 46) is favoured by the consideration that all the other places mentioned in this context are east of Rome. On the other hand, if we assume that St. Paul had recently visited Spain (Clem. Rom. r Cor. 5; Muratorian Canon), it would naturally follow that he had visited Southern Gaul ex route, and Crescens might plausibly be sup- posed to have gone to confirm the Churches there. So Euseb. H. E. ili. 4, Epiph. Haeres. li. 11, Theodore and Theodoret, ἢ. 1.
Τίτος εἰς Δαλματίαν : This statement suggests that Titus had only been a tem- porary deputy for St. Paulin Crete. On the spelling of the name Dalmatia in apparat. crit., see Deissmann, Bible Studies, trans. p. 182.
Ver. 1Ι. Λουκᾶς: Nothing can be more natural than that ‘‘ the beloved
180
- 3 ‘ / > 5 A p Acts xx. Λουκᾶς εστιν µονος µετ ἐμου. σεαυτοῦ - ἔστιν γάρ μοι “ εὔχρηστος εἰς διακονίαν.
13, 14, RING OTs
q See2 Tim. 020s
τ Here only, τ not LXX, Tapa
s 2 Tim. iv. 20, Tit. i. 5, Jude 6.
ἀπέστειλα εἰς Ἔφεσον.
12.
t Luke iv. 17, 20, John xx. 30, xxi. 25, Gal. iii. 10, etc.
Μᾶρκον " ἀναλαβὼν dye! μετὰ 12. Τυχικὸν δὲ
τὸν * φελόνην ὃν " ἀπέλιπον 2 ἐν Τρῳάδι
Κάρπῳ ἐρχόμενος φέρε, καὶ τὰ "βιβλία, μάλιστα τὰς “ μεμ.-
u Here only, not LXX.
1 ἄγαγε A, 31, 47, 238, five others. 2 So \DKsil., many cursives; ἀπέλειπον ACFGLP.
physician’? and historian should feel that he of all men was in his place beside St. Paul when the end was so nearly approaching. The μόνος is relative to fel- low-labourers in the gospel. St. Paul had many friends in Rome (ver. 21).
Μᾶρκον: St. Paul was now completely reconciled to John Mark who had, be- fore Col. iv. 10 was written, vindicated and justified the risk Barnabas had run in giving him a chance of recovering his character (see Acts xiii. 13, xv. 38). ἀναλαβών: assume (Vulg.). Take up on your way. Assumere is also the Latin in Acts xx. I4, xxili. 31, but suscipere in xx. 13. It is implied that Mark was somewhere on the line of route between Ephesus and Rome; but we do not know the precise place.
Gye peta σεαυτοῦ: This phrase is illustrated from the papyri by Moulton and Milligan, Expositor, vii., v. 57.
εὔχρηστος eis διακονίαν: As Mark was the ἑρμηνευτής of St. Peter, render- ing his Aramaic into Greek, so he may have helped St. Paul by a knowledge of Latin. διακονία, however, does not ne- cessarily include preaching. It is char- acteristic of St. Paul that he should not regard “the ministry which he had re- ceived from the Lord Jesus”’ as “‘ accom- plished”? so long as he had breath to ‘* testify the gospel of the grace of God” (Acts xx. 24).
Ver. 12. Τυχικὸν δέ, κ.τ.λ.: The δέ does not involve a comparison of Tychi- cus with Mark, as both εὔχρηστοι (so Ell.) ; but rather distinguishes the cause of Tychicus’ absence from that of the others. Demas had forsaken the apostle ; and Crescens and Titus had gone, per- haps on their own initiative; Tychicus had been sent away by St. Paul himself. For Tychicus, see Acts xx. 4, Eph. vi. ar) 25.80] ν.δ, Wits, Πε το Ίαπα the art. in Hastings’ ἢ. Β.
eis Ἔφεσον: If the emphasis in the clause lies on ἀπέστειλα, as has been just suggested, the difficulty of harmonis- ing εἰς Ἔφεσον with the common belief
that Timothy was himself in chief autho- rity in the Church at Ephesus is some- what mitigated. St. Paul had mentioned the places to which Demas, etc., had gone; and even on the supposition that St. Paul knew that Tychicus was with Timothy, he could not say, ‘‘ I sent away Tychicus ’’ without completing the sen- tence by adding the destination. This explanation must be adopted, if we sup- pose with Ell. that Tychicus was the bearer of First Timothy. If he were the bearer of Second Timothy, ἀπέστειλα can be plausibly explained as the epis- tolary aorist. On the other hand, there is no reason why we should assume that Timothy was at Ephesus at this time. Other local references, ¢.g., i. 15, 18, and iv. 13 are quite consistent with a belief that he was not actually in that city. Perhaps « Ώο the work of an evangelist ’’ (iv. 5) 15 an indication that he was itinerating. Ver. 13. I want my warm winter cloak and my books. Ἶ τὸν φελόνην: The φελόνης, or φαι- λόνης, by metathesis for φαινόλης, was the same as the Latin faenula, from which it is derived, a circular cape which fell down below the knees, with an open- ing for the head in the centre. (So Chrys. on Phil. 11, 30; Tert. De orat. xii.). The Syriac here renders it a case for writings, a portfolio, an explanation noted by Chrys., τὸ γλωσσόκομον ἔνθα τὰ βιβλία ἔκειτο. But this is merely a guess suggested by its being coupled with βιβλία and μεμβράνας. : Τρῳάδι: Even if Timothy was not in Ephesus, he was in Asia, and travellers thence to Rome usually passed through Troas. Perhaps St. Paul had been ar- rested at Troas, and had not been allowed to take his cloak, etc. This is a more plausible supposition than that he was making a hurried flight from Alexander, as Lock conjectures, Hastings’ D. B., iv. 775, a. Κάρπῳ: See art. in Hastings’ D. B. τὰ βιβλία would be papyrus rolls in use for ordinary purposes, while the