τ See x Tim. i. 15.
u Acts Xiii. 45, XXVill. 19, 22, Tit. ii. 9. x Here only, not LX, but cf. Gal. vi. 3.
z Here only, not LXX.
‘sions to orthodoxy,
ἡ ματαιολόγοι καὶ * φρεναπάται, μάλιστα 3 7 οἱ 7 ἐκ " τῆς ὃ
* ava-
s See 2 Tim. i. 12. t 1 Tim. i. τὸ (g.0.), v Seer Tim. i. 9. w Here y Acts x. 45, Xi. a See 2 Tim. ii. 18.
2Ins. δὲ CDer. om. τῆς ADcCFGKLP.
doctrine. The A.V., by sound doctrine, would refer to the faith as applied in its various parts to particular needs.
τοὺς ἀντιλέγοντας : It is only a coin- cidence that where this word occurs in Acts it is in reference to ¥ewish oppon- ents of the Gospel.
Vy. 10-16. I have just mentioned rebuke as a necessary element in a presby- ter’s teaching. This is especially needful in dealing with Cretan heretics, in whom the Jewish strain is disagreeably pro- minent. Alike in their new-fangled philosophy of purity, and in their preten- they ring false. Purity of life can only spring from a pure mind; and knowledge is alleged in vain, if it is contradicted by practice.
Ver. 10. The persons spoken of here were Christian Jews. οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς (without τῆς, see crit. note) has this meaning in reff. (in Acts x. 45 it is qualified by the addition of πιστοί). Rom. iv. τὸ, is not really an instance of the phrase. ‘That they were at least nomin- ally Christians is also implied by the epithet ἀνυπότακτοι. We cannot call those persons unruly on whose obedience we have no claim.
ματαιολόγοι: µαταιολογία occurs in r Tim. i. 6.
φρεναπάται: seductores. The verb occurs in Gal. vi. 3:
μάλιστα: it is probable that ‘there were very few false teachers who were not “οὗ the circumcision ”’
Ver. 11. οὓς δεῖ ἐπιστομίζειν : quos oportet redargui, whose mouths must be stopped by the unanswerable arguments of the orthodox controversialist. This is the result hoped for from the ‘ convic- tion,” of ver. 9.
ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν : pervert whole families (Alf.); Moulton and Milligan give an apt illustration from a papyrus of second cent. B.c., τῆς πατ-
Ὡ. τῇ: , ΄ τα bis
τρέπουσιν διδάσκοντες "ἃ " μὴ
12. εἶπέν! τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, | ἴδιος
Ε a id / h ψεῦσται, κακὰ θηρία, γαστέρες ἐστὶν ἀληθής. *80 "ἣν “αἰτίαν
το α
Τῇ
, ™ ὑγιαίνωσιν ™ ἐν
e See 1 Tim. ν. 14. ν. 13. i See 1 Tim. iii. 7. See xi. 22 only. m Tit. ii. 2, see 1 Tim. i. 10.
1 Ins. δὲ $9*G, f, g, boh; ins. γὰρ 115.
ρικῆς οἰκίας . . . ἔτι ἔνπροσθεν ἄρδην [ἀ]νατετραμμένης δι ἀσ[ω]τίας (Ex- positor, vii., v. 269). This suggests the rendering upset. The whole family would be upset by the perversion of one member of it.
ἃ μὴ Set: Normally, οὐ is used in rela- tive sentences with the indicative. Other exceptions will be found in 2 Pet. i. 9, 1 John iv. 3 (T.R.). It is possible that the force of μή here is given by translat- ing, which (we think) they ought not. If the teaching had been absolutely in- defensible by any one, he would have said, ἃ ov Set. See Blass, Grammar, p. 254.
αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν: The three reff. on αἰσχροῦ, the only other occurrences in N.T. of this adj., are instances of the phrase αἰσχρόν ἐστι. The reference is to the claim to support made by itinerating or vagrant prophets and apostles such as are referred to in the Didache, cc. 11, 12, and alluded to in 2 Cor. xi. 0-13. Allsuch abuses would exist in an aggravated form in Crete, the natives of which had an evil reputation for αἰσχροκέρδεια, according to Polybius, ὥστε παρὰ μόνοις Κρηταιεῦσι τῶν ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων μηδὲν αἰσχρὸν νομίζεσθαι κέρδος. (Hist. vi. 46. 3, cited by Ell.). They get a bad character also from Livy (xliv. 45), and Plutarch (Paul. Aemil. 23). The Cretans, Cappadocians, and Cilicians were τρία κάππα κάκιστα.