16,
271
3 a a
Ιδοὺ ἦλθεν Κύριος ἐν ἁγίαις pupidow! αὐτοῦ, 15. ποιῆσαι κρίσιν κατὰ πάντων καὶ ἐλέγξαι πάντας τοὺς ἀσεβεῖς" περὶ πάντων τῶν € ἀ , τα ee > , 8 Ν ῃ cal λ a“ pywv ἀσεβείας αὐτῶν ὃ ὧν ἠσέβησαν καὶ περὶ πάντων τῶν σκληρῶν
ὧν ἐλάλησαν Kat’ αὐτοῦ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀσεβεῖς.
16. Οὗτοί εἶἴσιν
1αγιαις μυριασιγ] µυριασιν αγιων αγγελων δ 5ΥΤΡ. sah. arm. +. ὃπαντας τους ασεβεις] add. αντων KL, ΤΙ. (incuria?); πασαν Ψνχην SN, syrP,
sah.
ἕασεβειας αυτων] om. Ν sah. + ; [ασεβειας] αντων Treg.
4 oxAnpwv] add. λογων NC, Ti.
first week, while judgment and righteous- ness still tarried ; and after me there will arise in the second week great wicked- ness,’ where Charles refers to ¥ubilees, 7. The genealozical order, as given in Gen. v. 4-20, is (1) Adam, (2) Seth, (3) Enos, (4) Cainan, (5) Mahalaleel, (6) Jared, (7) Enoch. It is probably the sacredness of the number 7 which led the Jewish writers to lay stress upon it in Enoch s case.
ἰδοὺ ἦλθεν Κύριος ἐν ἁγίαις µυριάσιν αὐτοῦ. Charles’ translation from the Aethiopic is ‘And lo! He comes with ten thousands of his holy ones to exe- cute judgment upon them, and He will destroy the ungodly and will convict all flesh of all that the sinners and ungodly have wrought and ungodly committed against Him”’. For pvpiaciw ἀγγέλων cf. Heb. xii. 22, Ps. Ixviti. 17, Deut. xxxiii. 2. For the use of ἐν denoting accom- panying circumstances see Blass, Gyr. Νε ati p. eis. and: Luke xiv. 3τ, ει δυνατός ἐστιν ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ἀπαντῆ- σαι τῷ μετὰ εἴκοσι χιλιάδων ἐρχομένῳ ἐπ) αὐτόν. The aorist here is the pre- terite of prophetic vision, as when Mi- caiah says, ‘‘I saw all Israel scattered,” cf. Apoc. x. 7, xiv. 8.
Ver. 15. ποιῆσαι κρίσιν κατὰ πάντων. Follows exactly the Greek translation of Enoch given above, cf. Ael. V. H. ii. 6, Κρίτων ἔπειθεν αὐτὸν ἀποδρᾶναι καὶ τὴν kat αὐτοῦ κρίσιν διαφθεῖραι. On the distinction between the active ποιεῖν κρίσιν ‘to execute judgment’? (as in John v. 27) and the periphrastic middle ΞΞκρίνειν (as in Isocr. 48 p) see my notes on αἰτεῖν and αἰτεῖσθαι, ἴδε and ἰδού (James iv. 3, 10. iii. 3).
ἐλέγξαι πάντας τοὺς ἀσεβεῖς περὶ πάντων τῶν ἔργων ἀσεβείας αὐτῶν ὧν ἠσέβησαν. Shortened from the Greek Enoch quoted above.
ἀσεβεῖς. Cf. vv. 4, 18. The word thrice repeated in this verse runs through the epistle as a sort of refrain.
περὶ πάντων τῶν σκληρῶν ὧν ἐλάλησαν. This is taken from Enoch xxvii. 2. Charles, p. 366 (To Gehenna shall come), πάντες οἵτινες ἐροῦσιν τῷ στόµατι αὐτῶν κατὰ Κυρίου φωνὴν ἀπρεπῆ καὶ περὶ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ σκληρὰ λαλήσουσιν, cf. ib. v. 4, ‘‘ The law of the Lord ye have not fulfilled, but . .. have slanderously spoken proud and hard words with your impure mouths against His greatness,” ib. ci. 3, al., Gen. xlii. 7, ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς σκληρά, 1 Kings xii. 13, ἀπεκρίθη πρὸς τὸν λαὸν σκληρά, Mal. iii. 13-15.
Ver. 16. οὗτοί εἰσιν γογγυσταί, µεμ- Ψίµοιροι. Charles thinks that we have here another case of borrowing from the Assumption of Moses, see his Introd. on Apocryphal Quotations. The word yoy- γυστής is used in the LXX, Exod xvi. 8, Num. xi. I, 14-27, 29. The verb yoy- γύζω is found in John vii. 32 of the whis- pering of the multitude in favour of Jesus, but is generally used of smouldering dis- content which people are afraid to speak out, as in 1 Cor. x. 10, of the murmurings of the Israelites in the wilderness; Matt. xx. I1 (where see Wetst.) of the grum- bling of the labourers who saw others receiving a day’s pay for an hour’s labour; John vi. 41-43 of the Jews who took offence at the preaching of the Bread of Life. It is found in Epict. and M. Aur. but not in classical authors. γογγυσμµός is used in 1 Peteriv.g. See further in Phrynichus, p. 358 Lob. For the word μεμψίμοιρος see Lucian, Cynic. 17, ὑμεῖς δὲ διὰ τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν οὐδενὶ τῶν γιγνοµένων ἀρέσκεσθε, καὶ παντὶ µέμφεσθε, καὶ τὰ μὲν παρόντα Φφέρειν οὐκ ἐθέλετε, τῶν δὲ ἀπόντων ἐφίεσθε, χειμῶ΄” νος μὲν θέρος εὐχόμενοι, θέρους δὲ χει- μῶνα ... καθάπε, οἱ νοσοῦντες, δυσάρεστοι καὶ μεμψίμοιροι ὄντες, and Theophr. Char. 17. It is used of the murmuring of the Israelites by Pailo, Vit. Mos. i. 109 M. See other examples in Wetst. The same spirit is condemned in James i. 13.