PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
The Expositor's Greek Testament — Volume 5
Nicoll, W. Robertson (editor), 1851-1923 · 315,635 words · 520 reading sections
Introduction
κκ οφ «κο RO νν κ.κ νι. pc αι ο σας φις ὁ Senses Peet -- worry ehtacrore} seacarectoa μα "SEP 12 1960 4, τς ἱ a! 4 λα ra awe η ube j 4 ‘ mi hori / 4 y > ο ΤΑ] Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from Princeton Theological Seminary Library https://archive.org/details/expositorsgre…
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further it is to be noted that the first conclusion is followed by a general form of address—“ Beloved ””—which has occurred at an earlier point... In fact, apart from the formal superscription—X to Y greeting—the second part? of the Epistle is a complete epistle in itself. And it is natural enough that a circular …
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the compact, in virtue of which Peter was to continue his work among the Jews: both construed the direction of the Epistle as proof that the writer had preached the Gospel to his readers: therefore in virtue of the compact his readers were fews—dJews of the Dispersion, but still Jews. The evidence upon which both …
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come under its influence.’’ At a definite time God had shown mercy to these Christians, who before—according to the strict Jewish point of view—had been outside the pale of His mercy. And, if we may argue from silence as from the tenses employed, they were formerly not a people at all, to say nothing of their being…
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apostasy, and here it is fitly applied to the adherence of Gentiles, who previously had no faith in God. In fact its proper force is represented by turn rather than return. Another capital passage would seem to be sufficient in itself to show that the writer regarded the churches to whom he speaks, as composed of …
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necessarily decide the question of its authority—all or none—as it did in the time of uncritical devotion to the letter of Scripture. But Baur’s brave words do no more to solve the problem than the stolid reiteration of traditional dogmas. And it is to be remembered that Catholic traditions have often been rehabili…
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self than to suppose that a Pseudo-Petrus wrote our fragment as it now stands from the first verse to the last, soon after a.p. 90, or even from ten to thirty years earlier. Such an assumption is, in my opinion, weighed down by insuperable difficulties.! So far as extant evidence goes Harnack’s hypothesis of interp…
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Acts) a disinclination to associate with the Gentile which suggests that he also was a strict Pharisee. There can be no doubt that of the Apostles of Christianity, who are known to us, St. Paul’s was the master-mind. And there can be no doubt that St. Paul brought to the service of the Church a body of doctrine whi…
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like this they would have been irrelevant and inconclusive. The oc- casion called for the emphatic isolation of the glorious resurrection, which followed the culmination of the sufferings of Jesus and in which His past miracles were swallowed up like stars in the sunshine. As for the teaching of Jesus our records a…
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1 De specialibus legibus, i. (de templo), §§ 67-70 (Cohn and Wendland, vol. v. pp, 17f.; ii. p. 223, Mangey). community were selected to perform. In these and other ways the Jews of Palestine became acquainted with the Greek language and, so far as they engaged in religious discussion with their visitors or hosts …
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composition was so important and so large that its performance required a considerable degree of trustworthiness. . . . It purports to be a letter of Peter’s; and such it is, except that Peter left its composition to Silvanus because he regarded him as better fitted than himself . . . to express in an intelligible …
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Epistle written to us through Clement”.! Here the preposition clearly denotes the interpreter who writes in the name of the Church and cannot cover the messenger also, because the bearers of the Epistle—Claudius Ephebus, Valerius Bito, and Fortunatus—are named at the end.’ Since, therefore, διά can in such context…
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Galatians and the First Epistle of St. Peter respectively—but also with Rome. For this part of the tradition there is no obvious hint in the New Testament which can be used to explain away its origin, unless it be supposed that the bare mention of Babylon in the First Epistle of St. Peter is sufficient of itself to…
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chronological order, he agrees with Tertullian in asserting that St: Peter died as a martyr under Nero and, being a conspicuous pillar of the Church, before the mass of the Christians. To this assertion Origen, quoted by Eusebius,! adds the statement that ‘at the end Peter being at Rome was crucified head-downwards…
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must have been written before Α.Ρ. 64, The conclusion is challenged on the ground of the circumstances implied by the document and consequently one or other of the premises is invalidated. The cir- cumstances implied and indicated are suppposed to belong to a date definitely later than the time of Nero; and from th…
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tianity imperatively demands for 1 Peter a later date than Α.Ρ. 64”; and from it he deduces the corollary: “The later date renders it very probable that Babylon is employed figuratively for Rome, ac- cording to Rev. xiv. 8, xvi. 19, xvii. 5, xviii. 2, 10, 21”. Professor Cone’s corollary deserves attention. He seems…
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‘* Prom heav’n into the sea a star shall fall That shall consume with fire the ocean wide, And Babylon herself, and Italy...” Nero’s achievements added matricide to the specification of Anti- christ ; but the book of Daniel and other apocalypses, which were directly or indirectly inspired by the experience of the …
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published, some Christians — apparently renegades, who abjured Christianity when challenged by Pliny—asserted that either they or the Christians generally gave up either the practice of meeting for a common meal or their religious meetings also. It is improbable that those who persisted in their wicked and immodera…
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pheming Christ.' As regards their past Christianity—if ever they had practised Christianity—they affirmed that this was the sum and substance of their crime, that they had been accustomed to assemble on a fixed day before sunrise and to repeat alternately a hymn to Christ as God, and to bind themselves by an oath—n…
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citizens, in future. To execute them all would have been to diminish seriously the population of his province. As a conscientious gover- nor, he was anxious to bring this section of his subjects to their senses, and he believed that the extension of clemency to those who repented of their Christianity would be the …
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Such doubts as this arose from his examination of the renegades and the slaves who were called deaconesses, in which he learned that there were no crimes other than sacrilegium involved in the name, and, therefore, was emboldened to suggest that renegades should be pardoned. Trajan’s answer authorises the policy s…
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deprived of their goods. His wife Domitilla, a relative of the Emperor, was merely banished to Pandateria.! Suetonius? describes Flavius Clemens as a man of contemptible inactivity—a conventional description of Christians 3—and says that he was put to death on the barest suspicion. Eusebius‘ asserts explicitly tha…
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Eusebius’ quotes Tertullian*® to the same general effect: “ Domitian, a semi-Nero in cruelty, attempted to condemn the Christians ; but, being also a man, he readily stopped the course of action he had begun, and even recalled those whom he had banished ”. But Nero was the first to persecute the Christians * and s…
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sion in their favour.1 The bare punishments—crucifixion, burning” at the stake, and death by wild beasts—were right and proper. But the people to whom Nero threw open his gardens, in order that they might witness such sights, found Nero himself among them dressed in the garb of a charioteer2—the ancient equivalent …
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Afterwards also laws were laid down by which the religion was pro- scribed and edicts were issued by which it was publicly declared illegal to be a Christian. Then Paul and Peter were condemned to death.! To the three first persecutors of the Church—Nero, Domitian, and Trajan—Sulpicius Severus suggests that Titus …
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‘suggest that the Neronian persecution slackened, because the citizens ‘of Rome saw through the pretexts of arson and witchcraft. On the contrary the evidence suggests that the name was condemned by Nero. It was still possible for Titus and for Dio Cassius to recall the fact that Christianity was a sect—a schismat…
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seeking whom he might devour. In the earlier and general part the- references to persecution and persecutors are vaguer, and stress is- laid upon the railing or reviling* to which the Christians are exposed, but must not retaliate in kind. In both parts the example of Christ is put before them as their model—He suf…
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criminals or busybodies: they must correct by word or deed all such misrepresentations and make it clear that they are reproached—or what not ?—simply because they are Christians.1 Their adversary the devil—in the persons of all his agents—goes about seeking whose faith he may destroy; they must resist him and surv…
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jected by Dr. Chase on the one hand and Professor Schmiedel! on the other. But many of his arguments hold good against the date under Trajan, to which Professor Schmiedel adheres. Pliny’s cor- respondence with Trajan, however, is not easily made to fit the state of things reflected in the First Epistle of St. Peter…
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There are two different ways of treating the fact that any given book of the New Testament Canon is first quoted as authoritative Scripture and as the work of its commonly reputed author by a later writer of known date and recognised authority. You may say that the said book is thereby recognised as canonical and a…
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asserts. 1 Peter is a book more congenial to such a man as Polycarp, who was more fitted to be a simple recipient of the general tradition. And it is to be remembered that Polycarp takes us back to a time when the idea of a Canon of New Testament Scripture was in its infancy. Our document is first quoted with the …
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Clement of Alexandria (Α.Ρ. 150-(?) 210) commented on 1 Peter in his Hypotyposes, but the commentary is only preserved in a Latin abridgment.! In his extant works he quotes freely from the Epistle and uses it as if it were familiar to his readers. In the Paedagogus?* (for example), which is addressed to catechumens…
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πάνυ your θαυµασίως 6 Πέτρος 6 µακάριος γυναῖκας, φησίν, ὥσαυτως μὴ ev πλέγμασιν ἢ χρυσῷ ἢ µαργαρίταις ἢ ἱματισμῷ πολυτελεῖ, ἀλλ ὃ πρεπει γυναιξὶν ἐπαγγελλομέναις θεοσέβειαν, δι ἔργων ἀγαθῶν σφᾶς αὐτὰς κοσ- μούσων. The fact of the matter is that even Clement used, at any rate in his Paedagogus, manuals of extracts…
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who died a martyr on 23rd February, Α.Ρ. 155 at the age of 86 years,} has left, as Eusebius noted, a valuable witness to the earlier history of the New Testament Canon. So far as the Canonicity of 1 Peter is concerned the evidence of the Epistle is overwhelming. It is true that Polycarp does not give the name of t…
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VIII. προσκαρτερῶμεν τῇ ἐλπίδι ἡμῶν καὶ τῷ ἀρραβῶνι τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἡμῶν, ὃς ἐστιν Χριστὸς ᾿Ιησοῦς, ὃς ἀνήνεγκεν ἡμῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας τῷ ἰδίῳ σώματιέἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον, ὃς ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἐποίησεν, οὐδὲ εὑρέθη δόλος ἐν τῷ στόµατι αὐτοῦ." ἀλλὰ δι ἡμᾶς, ἵνα ζήσωμεν ἐν αὐτῷ, πάντα ὑπέμεινεν. μιμηταὶ οὖν γενώµεθα τῆς ὑπομονῆς αὐτ…
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Heb. xiii. 14; Phil. iii. 20), In Heb. xi. 9-13 the Patriarchs are credited with the same idea and Philo says that the sages of Moses’ school are all introduced as sojourners (p. 416 M). So Abraham said to the Sons of Heth, ‘‘I am astranger and sojourner (πάροικος καὶ παρεπίδηµος = SYN 33) with you” (Gen. xxiii.…
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κατὰ wpdyvwotv.... The noun occurs only in Acts ii. 23 (speech of St. Peter) in reference to the slaying of Christ τῇ ὡρισμένῃ βουλῇ καὶ προγνώσει τοῦ θεοῦ, cf. i. 20. The use of nouns instead of verbs is characteristic of this Epistle. The same idea is expressed more elaborately by St. Paulin Rom. viii. 29 (g.…
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ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας 41 τὴρ τοῦ KU ἡμῶν 163 ἡμᾶς 3 eis 1 OF is the normal contraction of Θεός: so Xs = Χριστός, ks = κύριος, ἰς = ᾿Ιησοῦς. 2For ἡμᾶς a few cursives read ὑμᾶς: the words are practically interchangeable in manuscripts. law everything is cleansed by blood. All the types were summed up in the fulfil- …
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tion of the Christian corresponds to the | resurrection of Christ (Chrysostom on | John) and implies a previous mystical or figurative death to sin—see ii. 24; iii. 17 f.; iv. 1—which is repeated in the | practice of their unnatural virtue (iv. 1-4). ΄ The simple idea of regeneration underlies St. Paul’s elabora…
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eis. (3) . . « for you, εἰς = = dative (so Syriac), the writer or translator being influenced by eis above and below. The inheritance is still, as it has always been, kept back, but the Christians are sure to succeed to it. So Enoch refers to the secrets of the righteous which shall be revealed (xxxviii. 3); the…
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then with joy that anticipates your future glory. You arewinning the prize of your faith, the ultimate salvation of souls. St. Peter returns to the present and regards it from the point of view of those whom God is guarding—but only to advance again to the glorious future (7 fin, 9) when Jesus Christ the present…
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For the image, ’ The secondary uncials have πολὺ τιµίωτερον. stronger) of εὗρ., cf. Rom. vii. το. εἰς taken as = 5) expressing transition into a new state or condition (as Rom. vii. 10). --ἔπαινον is the verdict. ‘ Well done good and faithful servant; enter thou into the joy of thy Lord.” The Christian is the t…
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δοκιμαζοµένου ἀποκαλύψει Ι8 XG ὃν ὁρῶντες πιστεύοντες δὲ ἀγαλ δεδοξασµένη Ψψυχῶν. i κομιζόµενοι τὸ τέλος περὶ ἧς ow ται οἱ περὶ τῆς eis ὑμᾶς ΠΕΤΡΟΥ Α εὑρεθῆ eis ἔπαινον k οὐχ 1 ἰδόντες ἀγαπᾶτε λιᾶτε χαρᾶ ἀνεκλαλή τηρίας ἐξείήτησαν & 45 δόξαν καὶ τειμὴν ἐν 3 a »” A εἰς ὃν ἄρτι μὴ 8 τω καὶ τῆς πίστεως …
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46 11 ἐραυνῶντες els πνεῦμα Ἰ προµαρτυρό τίνα ἢ ποῖον καιρὸν μενον 2 ΠΕΤΡΟΥ A a ἐδήλου τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς τὰ εἲς Χρειστὸ παθήματα καὶ τὰς Codex Vaticanus is alone in omitting Χριστοῦ after πνεῦμα. *Codex Alexandrinus with others has προµαρτυρουµενον. the Holy Spirit—with this difference that now the Spirit has bee…
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µε τὰ ταῦτα δόξας ols a ὑμῖν δὲ διηκό πεκαλύφθη ὅτι οὐχ ἑ νουν 1 αὐτὰ ἃ νῦν ἂνηγ 47 αυτοῖς 12 γέλη ὑμῖν διὰ τῶν εὖ 1¥For διηκόνουν Dr. Rendel Harris (Side-Lights on New Testament Research, p. 207) conjectures that διενοοῦντο should be read in accordance with the statement of the Book of Enoch, “I contemplated …
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αγγελισαµένων ὑμᾶς πνεύµατι 1 ἁγίω πο a 13 cls ἃ ἐπιθυμοῦσιν ay A 3 , fol [ή τὰς ὀσφύας τῆς διανοίας τ4 ἐπὶ τὴ γελοι παρακύψαι. φεροµένην ὑμῖν χάρι σταλέντι ἀπ᾿ οὐρανοῦ διὸ ὑμῶν νέφοντες ? τε ἀναζωσάμενοι λείως ἐλπίσατε ἐν ἀποκαλύψει IG XU. as 1 Το πνεύµατι Codex Sinaiticus, with other manuscripts of less…
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Ver. 14. ὦς, inasmuch as you are, cf. 13—17. , ς ~ A ul τέκνα ὑπακοῆς" μὴ συσχηματιζόµε TH ἀγνοία ὑμῶν ἐπι a μα A 3 A o > , ἅγιο καὶ αὐτοὶ ἅγιοι ἐν πά διότι γέγραπται πατέρα ἀἐπικαλεῖσθε τὸν ἄπρο τὸ ἑκάστου ἔργον ἐν φόβω τὸν θυµίαις’ ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸ ση ἀναστροφῆ γενή ov oa ” J > ὅτι ἅγιοι έσεσθε ὅτι ἐ σωπολή…
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LXX = “HD NW) receive (lift up) the face of, i.e., be favourable and later partial, to. The degeneration of the phrase was due to the natural contras! 18 ἀναστράφη ἐλυτρώθητε ἐκ τῆς 19 δότου : between the face and the heart of a man, which was stamped on the Greek equiva- lent by the use of πρόσωπον for mask o…
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Ver. 19. The blood of Christ, the true paschal lamb, was the (means or) agent of your redemption. The type contem- plated is composite; the lamb is the yearling sheep (Xt? πρόβατον, but Targum-Onkelos has “\WS lamb and στυλ is rendered ἀμνός in Lev. xii. 8; Num. xv. 11; Deut. xiv. 4) prescribed for the Passover…
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µένου μὲν πρὸ κατα του τῶν χρόνων δι δα βολῆς κόσμου dave 20, 21 ὑμᾶς τοὺς δι αὐτοῦ conceptions of Angels and Wisdom as well as of the Messiah all Jed up to this belief. Apart from the express declara- tions of Jesus recorded by St. John, it is clear that St. Peter held to the real and not merely ideal pre-ex…
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δόντα: ὥστε τὴν πί ὑμῶν ἡγνικότες ἐν ἀνυπόκριτον ' ἐκ Kap 1. κρῶν καὶ δόξαν εἶναι εἰς γείραντα αὐτὸν ἐκ νε στιν ὑμῶν καὶ ἐλπίδα TH ὑπακοῆ τῆς ἀληθεί δίας ἀἄλληλους 1 For πιστοὺς Codex Sinaiticus and others substitute the participle πιστεύοντας in order to avoid the unfamiliar construction with the adjective.…
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22—25. ἀγαπή cate ἐκτενῶς dvaye Φθαρτῆς ἀλλὰ ToS.” ἀφθάρτου διὰ λόγου διότι πᾶσα σὰρξ Χόρτου ἐξηράνθη ὁ τὸ δὲ ῥῆμα ἄνθος Κυ µένει εἰς τὸν ala ΠΕΤΡΟΥ Α γεννηµένοι οὐκ ἐκ ὡς χόρτος καὶ πᾶσα , 7 A ” Χόρτος καὶ τὸ ἄνθος ων σπορᾶς 1 23 ζῶντος Θῦ kai µένο δόξα αὐτῆς ὡς 24 ἐξέπεσεν να: τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν τὸ 2…
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ο Father and perhaps also as Sower (cf. νετ. 24); the two conceptions are com- binedin 1 John iil. 9, was 6 γεγεννηµένος ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἁμαρτίαν οὐ ποιεῖ ὅτι σπέρμα αὐτοῦ µένει. Compare Philo, Leg. All., Ρ. 123 M. Λείαν ... ἐξ οὐδενὸς γεννη- τοῦ λαμβάνουσαν τὴν σπορὰν . . . add’ ὑπ) αὐτοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ.- διὰ λόγου... …
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πάντα δόλον καὶ ὑπό ος εἰς ὑμᾶς. ἀποθέμενοι οὖν πᾶσαν κρισιν καὶ φόνους] k πάσας ἀρτιγέννητα βρέφη τὸ λογικὸν ἄδολον 1 φόνους is an error (peculiar to Codex Vaticanus) for φθόνους. ΟΗΑΡΤΕΚ IJ.—Vy. 1-10. Continuation of practical atlmonition with appeal to additional ground-principles illustrating the thesis of…
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xxix. 13). > , o > λα ἐπιποθήσατε ἵνα ἐν αὖτ γά εἰ ἐγεύσα σθε ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ KS λίθον Lavra ὑπ a Θῶ ἐκλεκτὸν ἔντει μον’ κα µεῖσθε οἶκος πνευματικὸς @ αὐξηθῆτε] eis θρώπων μὲν ἆποδε ὶ αὐτοὶ ὡς λίθοι εἰς ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον 55 σωτηρίαν 3, 4 πρὸς ὃν προσερχόµε vor δὲ ζῶντες οἴκοδο- 5 δοκιµασμένον παρὰ ἀνενέγ…
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Ver. 5. Fulfilment of the saying, _ Destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it (John ii. το). Christians live to God through Jesus Christ (Rom. vi. 11). For this development of the figure of μήν cf. especially Eph. ii. 20 Π.-- οἰκοδομεῖσθε, indicative rather than imperative. ‘‘ It isremarkable that S…
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Heb. mam? underlying it. The play on the peculiar sense thus required does not exclude the ordinary meaning honour (for which cf. 1. 7; Rom. ii. ΤΟ).--λίθος dv... γωνίας-- Ps. l.c: (LXX)—the prophetic statement in scriptural phrase of the fact of their unbelief. The idea may be that the raising of the stone to b…
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mon rendering of O37 in this connexion is wanted below, and St. Peter is content to follow his authority.—Aads εἰς περιποίησιν, a people for possession = στης o The source of the Greek phrase is Mal. iii. 17, but the Hebrew title variously rendered occurs in the two great passages drawn upon. Deut. (vii. 6, etc…
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Ver. 12. Adaptation of the saying, ὅπως wow ὑμῶν τὰ καλὰ ἔργα καὶ δοξάσωσιν τὸν πατέρα ὑμῶν τὸν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς (Matt. ν. 16). The good be- haviour on which the resolved ἀναστρέ- Φεσθαι permits stress to be laid is the 1ο---15. 6 μῶν ὡς κακοποιῶν δοξά σωσι τὸν OV ἐν ἡμέρα πάση ἀνθρωπί νη κτίσει ὑπε µῥρέχοντ…
442 wordsSECTION 60Tietpoy A
ἐκ τῶν καλῶν ἔργων ἐπισκοπῆς. διὰ τὸν Κύ ε 3 3 ow ὡς δι’ αὐτοῦ wep νον δὲ ἀγαθοποιῶν - 59 ἐποπτεύοντες γητε 13 ὡς ὑποτά βασιλεῖ ποµένοις εἰς 14 ” ειτε ὅτι οὕτως 15 ποιοῦντας Φφειμοῦ. τὴν (Mark xv. 39)—1i.e., recognise the finger of God either in the behaviour of the Christians or in the whole economy…
390 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1897); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.