Matthew, the holy city (iv. 5); by Paul, Jerusalem which is above (Gal. iv. 6); by the writer to the Hebrews, the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem (Heb. xii. 22). Plato calls his ideal city Oallipolis, the facr city (“ Republic,” vii., 527), and the name Ouranopolis, heavenly city, was applied to Rome and Byzantium. For new (xauvfjs), see on Matt. xxvi. 29. The new Jerusalem is not a city freshly built (véa), but is new (cau) in contrast with the old, outworn, sinful city. In the Gospel John habitually uses the Greek and civil form of the name, ‘Tepocddupa ; in the Apocalypse, the Hebrew and more holy appellation, ‘IepovadAnp.*
14. Of the Laodiceans (Aaodixéwv). Read ev Aaodixeia am Laodicea. Laodicea means justice of the people. As Laodice was a common name among the ladies of the royal house of the Seleucid, the name was given to several cities in Syria and Asia Minor. The one here addressed was on the confines of Phrygia and Lydia, about forty miles east of Ephesus, and was known as Laodicea on the Lyeus. It had borne successively the names of Diospolis and Rhoas, and was named Laodicea when refounded by Antiochus Theos, B.o. 261-246. It was situated on a group of hills between two tributaries of the Lycus—the Asopus and the Caprus. Towards the end of the Roman Republic, and under the first emperors, it became one of the most important and flourishing cities of Asia Minor. One of its citizens, Hiero, bequeathed all his enormous property to the people, and adorned the city with costly gifts. It was the
* The literature of hymnology is very rich in hymns depicting the glory of the heavenly city. In Latin there are Jerusalem luminosa, which reappears in Jerusalem my happy home, and O Mother dear Jerusalem: Urbs beata Je rusalem, which reappears in Blessed city, heavenly Salem: Urbs Sion Aurea, in Jerusulem the golden and Jerusalem the glorious. Of this O bona patria, translated in 7o thee, O dear, dear Country, is a portion. Also Bernard’s Me receptet Sion tla, In English may be noted, besides the translations just re- ferred to, Sweet place, sweet place alone ; Hear what God the Lord hath spoken ; Jerusalem, my happy home, when shall I come to thee? In German, Meyfart’s Jerusalem du hochgebaute Stadt, and Hiller’s O Jerusalem du Schine. Of Mey- fart’s hymn there are two English translations, one by Miss Winkworth, Je- rusalem, thou city fair and high, and the other by Bishop Whittingham of Maryland, Jerusalem, high tower thy glorious walls,