may very properly be a reference to the extensive money trans actions of Laodicea.
Tried in the fire (srerupwpévov éx updos). The verb means to burn, to be on fire: in the perfect passive, as here, kindled, made to glow; thence melted by jire, and so refined. Rev., re- jined by fire. By fire is, literally, out of the fire (é«; see on ch. ii. 7).
White raiment. Rev., garments. See on ver. 4.
Mayest be clothed (zepBdAy). Rev., more literally, may- est clothe thyself. See on ver. 5.
Do not appear (7) davepw9F). Rev., more literally, be not made manifest. See on John xxi. 1. Stripping and exposure is a frequent method of putting to open shame. See 2 Sam. x. 4; Isa. xx. 4; xlvii. 23; Ezek. xvi. 37. Compare also Matt. xxii. 11-13; Col. iii. 10-14.
Anoint thine eyes with eye-salve («codXovpioy éyxpicov Tovs opJarpovs cov). The correct reading is éyypioas, the in- finitive, ¢o anoint, instead of the imperative. So Rev., eye-salve to anoint thine eyes. Konddovpuov, of which the Latin collyriwm is a transcript, is a diminutive of xoAdvpa a roll of coarse bread. See 1 Kings xiv. 3, Sept.; A. V., cracknels. Here applied to a roll or stick of ointment for the eyes. Horace, describing his Brundisian journey, relates how, at one point, he was troubled with inflamed eyes, and anointed them with black eye-salve (negra collyria. Sat., i., v., 80). Juvenal, describing a super- stitious woman, says: “If the corner of her eye itches when rubbed, she consults her horoscope before calling for salve” (collyria ; vi., 577). The figure sets forth the spiritual anoint- ing by which the spiritual vision is purged. Compare Angus- tine, “ Confessions, vii., 7, 8. “Through my own swelling was I separated from Thee; yea, my pride-swollen face closed up mine eyes. . . . It was pleasing in Thy sight to reform my deformities; and by inward goads didst Thou rouse me, that I should be ill at ease until Thou wert manifested to my inward