All the company in ships (7as ért rap TAolwv oO Outros). The best texts substitute 6 él rémov mar, that sadleth any- where, lit., saileth to a place. So Rev.
Trade by sea (77 Iddaccay épyafovrat). Lit., work the sea, like the Latin mare ewercent, live by seafaring. Rev., gain their living by sea.
19. Cast dust on their heads. Compare Ezek. xxvii. 30. See on Luke x. 13.
20. Hath avenged you on her (é«pivev 70 xpiya byav €& aris). Rev., more literally, hath judged your judgment on her, or from her. The idea is that of exacting judgment from (€é). Compare the compound verb éxd:Kcels avenge, or exact vengeance from (ch. vi. 10). The meaning is either, that judgment which is your due, or what she hath judged concerning you.
21. A mighty angel (cls dyyedos ioyupos). Lit., “ one strong angel.”
A great millstone. See on Matt. Xviii. 6.
With violence (6pyrjuars). Lit., with an impulse or rush. Only here in the New Testament.
22. Harpers. Seeon ch. xiv. 2.
Musicians (“ovovxav). Only here in the New Testament. There seems to be no special reason for changing the render- ing to ménstrels, as Rev. The term music had a much wider signification among the Greeks than that which we attach to it. “The primitive education at Athens consisted of two branches: gymnastics for the body, music for the mind. Music comprehended from the beginning everything appertaining to
the province of the nine Muses; not merely learning the use of the lyre or how to bear part in a chorus, but also the hearing, learning, and repeating of poetical compositions, as well as the practice of exact and elegant pronunciation—which latter ac- complishment, in a language like the Greek, with long words, measured syllables, and great diversity of accentuation between one word and another, must have been far more difficult to acquire than it is in any modern European language. As the range of ideas enlarged, so the words musze and musical teachers acquired an expanded meaning, so as to comprehend matter of instruction at once ampler and more diversified. During the middle of the fifth century 3.c. at Athens, there came thus to be found among the musical teachers men of the most distinguished abilities and eminence, masters of all the learning and accomplishments of the age, teaching what was known of Astronomy, Geography, and Physics, and capable of holding dialectical discussions with their pupils upon all the various problems then afloat among intellectual men” (Grote, ‘“‘History of Greece,” vi., ch. lxvii.).
Pipers (avAnrav). Rev., flute-players. Only here and Matt. ix. 23. The female fiute-players, usually dissolute characters, were indispensable attendants at the Greek banquets. Plato makes Eryximachus in “the Symposium,” say: “I move that the flute-girl who has just made her appearance, be told to go away and play to herself, or, if she likes, to the women who are within. To-day let us have conversation instead ” (“Sym- posium,” 176). Again, Socrates says: “The talk about the poets seems to me like a commonplace entertainment to which a vulgar company have recourse; who, because they are not able to converse and amuse one another, while they are drink- ing, with the sound of their own voices and conversation, by reason of their stupidity, raise the price of flute-girls in the market, hiring for a great sum the voice of a flute instead of their own breath, to be the medium of intercourse among them” (“ Protagoras,” 347). Compare Isa. xxiv. 8; Ezek. xxvi. 13.
Millstone. Compare Jer. xxv. 10; Matt. xxiv. 41.
556 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. 93. Bridegroom—bride. Compare Jer. xxv. 10. Great men (neysoraves). Rev., princes. See on ch. vi. 15.
By thy sorceries (év 77 gappaxeia cov). See on ch. ix. 21. Rev., more literally, wth thy sorcery.
Were deceived (érAavndncav). Or led astray. See on Mark xii. 24.