New York, 1861-2); Professor Birks, 'Commentl\ry on Isaiah, Critical, Historical, nnd Propheticnl' (1st edit., Cambridge, 1871; 2nd edit., London, 1878); Dr. Kay, 'Commentary on lsaiah' (London, Murray, 1875, published in vol. vii. of the 'Speaker's Commentary'); and Rev. T. K. Cheyne,' The Prophecies of I~aiah, a New Translation, with Commentary and Appendices' (2 vols. 8vo, London, 1882). Of these the com- mentaries of Dr. Kay and Mr. Cheyne nre specially to be commended-the former for its boldness and originality, the latter for its thoroughness, ite large grasp of the historical facts, and its candour and fairness towards critics of different views. Both writers are remarkable for their profound knowledge of Hebrew, and acquaintance with other kindred dialects. Mr. Cheyne is distinguished by the large use which be makes of the recently discovered cuneiform inscriptions. Among minor works connected with Isaiah, and worthy of the student's attention, may be enumerated, C. P. Caspari's 'Beitrii.ge zur Einleitung in das Buch J esaja' (Berlin, 1848); Meier,' Der Prophet Jesaja' (Pforzheim, 1850); S. D. Luzzatto, 'II Profeta Isaia Volgarizzato e Commentate ad uso degli Israeliti' (Padua, 1855-67); G. Vance Smith, • Prophecies relating to Nineveh and the Assyrians' (1 vol. 8vo, London, 1857); Dean Payne Smith, 'Tbti Authenticity and Messianic Interpretation of the Prophecies of Isaiah vindicated' (Oxford and London, 1862); Rev. Rowland Williams,' The Hebrew Prophets,' translated afresh from the original (2 vols. 8vo, London, 1866-71); E. Reuss, 'Les Prophetes' (2 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1876); Neubauer and Dr. Driver,' The Fifty-Third Chapter oflsaiah according to the Jewish Interpreters' (Oxford, 1877); Rev. T. K. Cheyne, • Notes and Criticisms on the Hebrew Text of Isaiah' (1 vol. 8vo, London, 1868); and • Tbe Book of Isaiah chronologically arranged' (1 vol. 8vo, London, 1870); Klostermann, 'Jesaja cap. xl.-lxvi., eine Bitte um Hiilfe in grosser Noth,' published in the Zeitschrift fur lutherische Theologie of 1876 (pp. 1-60); Urwick, 'The Servant of Jehovah• (1 voL Svo, Edinburgh, 1877); F. Kostlin, 'Jesaia und Jeremia, Ihr Leben und Wirken aus ihren Schriften dargestellt' (Berlin, 1879); Moody-Stuart, 'The Old Isaiah ' (Edin- burgh, 1880); H. Kriiger, 'Essai sur la theologie d'Esaie xl.-lxvi. (Paris, 1881); and W. Robertson Smith,' The Prophets of Israel, and their Place in Hiiltory to the Close of the Eighth Century B.c.' (Edinburgh, 1882). The following English translations have been published, besides those of the Antho- rized and Revised Versions : (1) 'The Prophecye of Isaye,' by George Joy, 8vo, (Strasburg, 1531); (2) 'Isaiah, a New Translation, with a Preliminary Dissertation,' etc., by Bishop Lowth (London, 1778); (3) 'Isaiah, a New Translation, with Notes supple- mentary' to those of Bishop Lowth,' by M. Dodson (London, 1790); (4) 'Isaiah Versified,' by Dr. G. Butt (London, 1785); (5) 'The Book of Isaiah in Hebrew and English,' by Dr. Joseph Stock (Bath, 1803); (6) 'Isaiah 'Translated, with Critical and Explanatory Notes,' by Rev. A. Jenour, (Oxford, 1830); (7) 'Isaiah Translated,' by Rev. J. Jones (London, 1830); and (8) ' 'l'he Prophecies of Isaiah, a New Translatior I with Commen- tary and Appendices,' b;y Rev. T. K.~Cheyne (London, 1882). THE
BOOK OF THE PROPHET ISAIAH.
PART I. EARLIER PROPHECIES OF ISAIAH (CH. 1.-XXXV.). SEOTION I. THE GREAT ABBAIGNllENT (OB. L).
EXPOSITION. All the earlier prophecies-those of Hosea, CHAPTER L Joel. Amoe, Obe.cliah, Micah, Nahum, and Zephaniah- have some title introducing Ver. 1.-TITLE OF THE Wo!U!:. n is ques- them, tioned whether the title can be regarded as Isaiah's, or as properly belonging to the Ver. 1.-The vision (comp. Obad. L 1; Nah. i. 1). The term is probably need in work, and it is suggested 'that it is rather a a collective eenee, but is also intended to heading invented by e. collector who brought suggest the intrinsic unity of the entire body together into a volume such prophecies of of prophecies put forth by Isaiah. As pro- Isaiah e.e were known to him, the collection phets were originally called ••seers" (1 Sam. being e. much smaller one than that whioh ix. 9), so prophecy wa.s called " vision : " and this latter 11Se continued long after the we.s me.de ulti.mo.tely. In fe.vonr of this other ( comp. 1 Chron. xvii. 15; Ezek. xii. view it is urged (1) that the prophecies, 27: Da.n. ix. 23; Obad. i. 1, etc.). Isaiah as we have them, do not all " concern Judah the son of Amoz (comp. eh. ii. 1; xiii. 1; and Jerusalem;" (2) that there is a miste.ke xxxvii. 2, eto.; 2 Kings n. I ; 2 Chron. in the title, which Isaiah oonld not have xx.xii. 32). The signification of the name Isaiah is "the salvation of J ehovab.." The made. none of the prophecies belonging to name Amoz (.A.m8ts) is not to be confused the reign of Uzziah. But it may be o.n- with Amos ('.A.m&), who seems to have been swered, that, in the soriptnra.l sense, all e. contemporary (Amos i. 1). Concerning propheoy "concerns Judah and Jerusalem," J'nde.h a.nd J' erusaJ.em. The prophecies of i.e. the people and oity of God ; and, Isaiah concern primarily the kingdom of Judah, not that of Israel. They embrace further, tho.t it is quite impossible to prove a vast variety of nations and countries (see that no part of the " vision " was seen in especially oh. xiii., xv.-lli., niii., xlvii.); the reign of Uzzie.h. There are no means but these nations and countries are ■poken of knowing whether Isaiah oollected his of "only beoe.use of the relation in whioh propheoies into a volume himself or whether they ste.nd to Judah and Jerusalem" (Kay). or at any rate to the people of God, sym- the oollection was the work of others. In bolized under those nAJUes. Jerusalem occu- either oe.se, the existing title must be re- pies El prominent place in the prophecies garded as designed for the entire work. (see eh. i. 81 21; iii. 16-26; iv. 3-6: :ua. l8AIAB. B 2 THE BOOK OF THh: PROPHE'l' ISAIAH. [en, 1, 1-31.