corde maru. This defines more olosely the The Vulgate gives pelagua, whioh is pro- previous expression. The floods; literally, bably derived from the fact of the Red Se11 the rioor. This may mean the current (as being called " the Sea of Suph," the term in Ps. xxiv. 2), which in the Mediterranean being thence applied t.o any sea. Sea sets from west to east, and, impinging Ver. 6.-The bottoms of the mountain■ ; on the Syrian coast, turns north; or it may literally, t.h6 cuttinga off, where the moun- ha'Ve reforenc.i to the notion, familiar t.o us tains seem to bo cut off by the oceou floor; in Homer. which regarded the ocee.n ns a the roots of the moun loins. Eis ''"f-'"µa.r river. All thy billows and thy waves; oplr.w, "the clefts of the mountains' (Sep- ,..&:V"T'H' oi µerEo,purµ.o( O"ov 1ea.l '7"4 ,c6µa:rd. a-ov, tuagint); Ps. xviii. 15. The earth with "all thy swellings and waves" (Septua- her bars ; as for the earth, her bars toere gi n l) ; omnes gurgires tui, et fluctus tut a.bout me; return t.o it we.s shut out for me: (Yulgate). The former are '' breakers," the gate by which I might return was locked the latter "rolling billows." The clause is behind me. He adds, for ever, as it was from Ps. xiii. 7, Jonah transferring what is t.o all appearance, becauae he ho.d no power there sai<l metaphorically to his own literal in himself of returning t.o earth and life. experience, at the same time acknowledging Yet; in spite of all, I am preserved. From God's hand in the punishment by speaking corruption (shaehath); ae Job xvii. 14; d6 of" thy billows" (comp. Ps. lxxxviii. 6, 7). corruptione (Vulgate); so the Chaldee and Ver. 4.-Jonah confesses that he at first Syriac; Septuagint, 'Ava.fJ-f,.,.,., l,c ,piJopiir ,j fully expected death ; but faith and hope (&11, µ.ou (Alex.), 1A11a.{J-f,-r&1 ,p8opa. (&1ijr /'OU soon triumphed over despondency. I am (Vatican), " Let my life arise from destruc- out out of thy Bight. This was his thought tion; " or, "Let the destruction of my life when what is meutioned in ver. 3 happened [i.e.my destroyed life] arise." Jerome refers unto him. The words are a reminiscene<l the word to the digestive process in the fish's of Ps. xxxi. 22, altered somewhat to suit stomach : it is probably merely a synonym Jonah's circumstances. The psalmist says, for" death." The marginal rendering, "the "l said in my haste." Jonah says simply, pit," i.e. Sheol, is also etymologically correct " I said," without any limitation; and for (comp. Ps. xxx. 3). My Goel, He thank- "I am out off," Jonah uses," I am cast out." fully acknowledges that Jehovah has proved Septuagint, lr.1rwcr,,.,.,-a strong term, imply- himself a beneficent God to him. ing banishment with violence. Out of thy Ver. 7.-His prayer was heard. When eight; literally, from before thine eye,; i.e. my soul fainted within me; literally, waa from thy protecting care (oomp. I Sam. eoi,ered-referring, says Pusey, t.o that physi- xxvi. 24; I Kings viii. 29). He who had cal exhaustion when a film comes over the fled from the presence of the Lord in Canaan eyes, and the brain is mantled over. The fears that he has forfeited the favour of God. clause is from Ps. oxlii. 3 or oxliii. 4. I Yet I will look again towa.rd thy holy remembered the Lord. That was his salva- temple. I will turn in prayer to that holy tion (Pa. cxix. 55). He turned in thought place where thou dost mnnifest thy presence. to thine holy temple (ver. 4), the sanotuary The Jews were wont to turn towards Jeru- where God's presence was most assured, salem when they prayed (comp. 1 Kings like the psalmist in the wilderness (Ps. viii. 30, etc.; Dan. vi. 10 ; Ps. xviii. 6 ; lxiii. 2), or like the exiles by the waters of xxviii. 2). Some think that Jonah ex- Babylon when they remembered Zion (Ps. presses a hope of worshipping agaiu in the cxxxvii.). temple; but the tnrn of expression in the Ver. 8.-Jonah contrasts the joy and text hardly warrants this. Others refer comfort arising from the thought of God the term to the heavenly temple, a.s they do with the miserable fate of idolaters. They in ver. 7; P~. :xi. 4; xviii. 6. that observe (Ps. xxxi. 6) ; court, pay defer• Vere. 5, 6.-In parallel clauses, Jonah ence to, reverence. Lying vanities ; Septua- gint, ,.ri.,.a.,a. ,ea.I ,i,,u~ij, " vain things and describes still more vividly the horrors that false." Idols (comp. Jer. xviii. 15; Hos, 11nrrounded him. xii. 11; 1 Cor. viii. 4). Their own meroy; Ver. 5.-Compe.ssed me about. Not the i.e. their state of favour with God-the same word as in ver. 3. Septuagint, 1r•p<E- mercy shown to them, as "the mercies of xi8-ri µ.o~ "was poured a.round me." Even [shown to] David'' (Isa. Iv. 3); or God to the soul; f:IO as to reach his life ( comp. Ps. himself, the Fountain of mercy and good- xviii. 5; lxix. I, 2; Lam. iii. 54). The depth ness (Ps. c:xliv. 2). Henderson translates, closed me round about. The verb is the "forsake the~: Benefactor." 11&me as in ver. 3, translated there, "com- Ver. 9.-But I-who know better .tho.n passed me about." Vulgate, aLymu 1'alla"Dit idolaters, and who have learned a new me. The weeds (suph); ,ea-weed. Jonah lesson of trust in God-I will sacri.fioe. s1111k to tlie bottom before he was swallowed Pusey notes that the Hebrew denotes uy the fiah. The LXX. omite the word. rather, " I fain would sacrifice," aa it de- OH, II, 1-10.] THE BOOK OF JONAH. 45
ponded, not on him, but on Clod, whether Ver. 10.-Spake unto the fleh. Tlie he WllB able to worship ngain in the Holy punishment having done its work, the fish Lnud. Hie euoriHce of thanksgiving (Lev. is impelled by some secret influence to vii. 12, eto.) should be offered with prayer eject Jonah on the dry land, on the third n.nd praise (Ps. xiii. 6). Tbo.t whioh I have dny after he was swallowed ( eh. i. 17). vowed (Ps. 1. 14; lxvi. 13). Salvation is of Some, who regard the Book of Jonah as an the Lord. 'fhis is the conclusion to which historical allegory, see in these three days his trio.I hna brought him, the moral of the an adumbration of the period of the Bahy- whole cnnticle (Ps. iii. 8; cxviii. 14, 21 ; lonish captivity, during which lerael was Rev. vii. 10). 'rJ.,e LXX. nnd the Vulgate buried in darkness, and from which she join this clause to the preceding, thus: rose to a new and happier life. They com- •• 'fhat which I have vowed I will pe.y to pare, e.s referring to the same traneaction, the Lord for my salvation." This is tame, Jer. li. 34, 44 and Hos. vi. 1, 2 (see Dr. e.nd not in strict accordnnce with the 0. H. H. Wright, 'Exegetical Studies,' pp. Hebrow. 53, etc.), Upon the dry land. Probably Ver. JO.-§ 2. The fish casts up Jonah on the coast of Palestine, whence he had aliu on the shore. started.