The Pulpit Commentary — John — Volume 2 — Section 91

an<! several ~ersions, and adopted by Ti- I Ao(aV'TES is the reading of N, B, c•, D, L, 11Chendorf (8th edit.), Alford, Tregelles, R.T., X. and is adopted by Tischendorf (8th edit.), and Westcott and Hort, against Lachmann, Tregelles, R.T., and Westcott and Hort. T.R., etc., who read .,. ..;;r.., with A e.nd D. The curious reading of N, ;:.,., 'l711Toiis lm&,,n, • "Hpx..,.o is the reading of N, B, C*, and is unsupported and without probability. It versions 8.Ild curei ves ; is adopted by Tre- is not even mentioned by 'fischendorf (8th gellee, by R.T. e.nd Westcott and Hort, but edit.) or 'fregelles. not by Tiechendorf (8th edit.). • Wetstein, in loo., art. on "Mourning," • "E.,., is the reading of t(, B, c, X, 1, 83, Kitto's ' Cyclopredia.' Bee ample discus- etc., and is adopted by R.T., Westcott 8.Ild sion of the rites e.nd place and varieties of Hort, ond Tregelles, but not by Tiechendorf sepulture in Edcrsheim'e 'Life of Jesus tba (8th edit.). Messiah,' vol. ii. 316, etc. OJI, XJ, 1-:ii.] THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. J(JHN. 93 - - - - - · - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------ tho woiling Mnry oncl the wailing ,Jews, who not tho boat interpretl\tion). 'fhe T<p 7fVe6- took up her grief ond, ocoording bo Oriente.l µa.T1 must be the sphere of hia holy wrath, custom, adopted her expression of it with for which we must find some explnno.tion. loud cries e.ncl emphatic gestures, praising Mayer's seems (as olreody said) t<J be alto- the <lend, oud lomenting his loss, produced gether insufficient. So also in our opinion o most wonderful impression on the Lord is that of Godet, viz. tbo.t this act of victorious Jesus. Mayor thinks that the contmst conflict with death, on which he woe enter- between their hypocritical or professionol ing, involved his own death-warrant by teors oud her genuine emotion, the blending being the occo.eion of the last outbreak of or thcso incongruous elements, the combina- molice on the part of the Jews. Such a tion of n. profound nffiiotion of e. denr friend fact would be out of harmony, not only with e.n,\ the simuhlted grief of his bitter enemies, the Fourth Gospel, but with the (synoptic) led him to manifest the feeling here de- struggle in Gethsemane. Now, without scribed. But we have no right to import enumerating vorione other interpretations such an element into the scene. The con- of the passage, we think Augustine, Eras- certed woiling wns, however, the occasion mus, Lutbardt, Hengstenberg, Moulton, of what is described in very remarkable meet our difficulty by the suggestion tliat terms, /,,•fJp1µ.~rraTo Tri 1rv•6µ.aT1, ,,..i l-r&p~•v dee.th itself occasioned this indignation. fouTov. The first expression occurs o.go.in Though, like the good Physician in the in ver. 38. Westcott so.ye in the three plo.ces house of mourning, he knew the issue of his where it elsewliere occurs (Mo.tt. ix. 30; mighty act, yet he entered with vivid and M11rk i. 43; xiv. 5) there is "the notion of intense human sympathy into all the coercion arising ont of displeasure," a motion primary and secontlary sorrows of death. " towards onother of nnger rather than He saw the long procession of mourners sorrow.'' The verb flp1µ.d.oµ.a1 e.nd its com- from the first to ibe last, all the reckless pounds is used in the classics and the LXX. agony, all the hopelessness of it, in thousands in the sense of hot e.nger, neither po.in nor of millions of instances. There flashed upon grief (though it is not very evident the.t it his spirit e.11 the terrible moral consequences goes so far e.s this in Me.rk i. 43). Luther of which death was the ghll-'ltly symhol. translated it ergrimmete, e.nd Pnssow gives He knew that within a short time Lie too, no other meaning. This eeems generally in taking upon himself the sins of men, accepted. But e.t what was Jesus angered? would have taken upon himself their death, This co.n be answered only by deciding and there we.s enough to rouse in his spirit whether T,j 1r11<6µ.a-r, is the dotive of the o Divine indignation, and he groaned and object, or whether it is the instrument or shuddered. Be roused himself to o conflict sphere of his holy indigno.tion. According which would be a prelibation of the cross to the old Greek expositors, Origen, Chry- and the burial He took the diseases of sostom, Cyril, Theophylact-e.nd they are men upon himself when he took them away. followed by Alford and Hilgenfeld, the He took the death-agony of Lazarus and the latter of whom finds in it a hint of the humiliation of the gre.v~ and the tears ol Gnostio Christology whioh, in his opinion, the sisters upon himself when he resolved pervades the Gospel-the anger might have to cry, "Lazarus, come forth!" and to snatch been directed ago.inst his own human spirit, from the gre.sp of the grim conqueror for at the.t moment t-Ompted into an unfilial a little while one of his victims. Compare strain of sympathy with the mourners; yet, the toil of Hercules in wrestling with death if this be its meaning, why we.sit that Jesus for the wife of Aclmetus. Uompare also subsequently wept himself? and why, in- eh. xiii. 21, where moral proximity to the eteo.d of exciting himself, instead of shudder- treacherous heart and ghastly deed and ap- ing with his bitterness of feeling, did ho proaching doom of Judas made him once not (as Hengstenberg se.ys) compose o.nd more to shudder. quiet himself? Beside, -rfi 1/,uxff would have Ver. 34.-And he said, Where ha.ve ye la.id been a for more approprio.te term to use for him 1 They sa.y unto him, Lord, come and the effective ond sywpathetio po.rt of his sea. A strange_echo ofch. i. 39 (cf. Rev. vi. no.ture tho.n 1rv,6µ.aT1, It is possible, if "the 1, 5, 7)-Cbrist as1.-ing for information. The spirit" expresses that part of his human Lord was answered out of his own worwi. nature in specio.l fellowship with the Father, His mind was mado up. to suppose the.t he felt a. certain antagonism Ver. 35.--Jesus wept. The shortest verse, with that within himself which had promptod but one of the most suggestive in the entire to some immedinte manifestation of Divine Scripture. The great wrath ngoinst death power, o.nd to tmnslo.te," He sternly cheoked is subdued now into tears of love, of sym- hie spirit." But the miracle of Divine pathy, and of <leap emotion. Jesus shed struggle with deo.th followed so immediately tee.re of sympathetic sorrow. This is iu thot this cannot be the true explanation sacred an<l eternal refutation of the theory (Wcatcott suggest~ it as I\U alternative, bu, which deprives the mco.rnate Logo~ of St,  THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. JOHN. [en. xr. 1-liT,