they '\'iere inlroduoed into a later but in• this. It seems to me that thia supposition, autiientir narrative of the sooond oentnry somewhat modified e.e above, throws light to eslRblish tho Divinity or Obrist. The upon vere. 41, 42.) 'l'he words thcmsolves simple foot ie that the words o.re not nro applioable to a gmve from whioh the "petition" al all, but they are spoken stone door had been removed, Woiss haa thought and Divine communion, gmcionely made some admirllble remnrks on the use unvei!C'd for the advantage of the disciples. made by the Tiil.Jingon critiOI! of this ndmis- They are built upon the wonderful assur- sion. In many oases in whioh such miro.oles ance which had been repeatedly gfren by took place the soul ho.d obviously not loft our Lord of hie union with n,nd o~sociation the body, but yet the entire surroundings in nnique Personality with the Father. We here imply that, apart from mirnculous see from eh. xvi. 29-31 that th~ profound energy, resuscitation was absolutoly un- desire (){'Cupying the hellrt of Jesus was looked for. Even Strauss refuses uttorly that his disciples, first of all, should know the trance hypothesis, and Renlln has re- that he came out from God, and almost nounced the farcical drnma that he thought with pathetic eagerness he asks them, •• Do at one time might acoount for the event ve now believe?" But in eh. xvii. 21 he and its record. shows that his wishes were not limited to Ver. 44.-1 He that (had died e.nd) waa the faith of disciples, but extended to the (up to thllt time) dead, oame out (of the production of a like conviction in the Koaµos. grave), bound feet and hands with grave- Here he says, after a pause, "I know that bande. The swathing of the limbs after thou nrt hearing me always." There is no tho Egyptian fashion, each limb separately, surprise in the discovery that LRzarus we.a renders the action most natural, because as he really is. Christ's own prayers are 1i~A6<11 is used. Laze.ms did not simply nlwa,s heard, even those in Gethsemane et.and in his grave. The early com.mento.tors :md on the cross (cf. Heh. v. 7, ,iacucovaO,ls and Stier saw in this emergence of the crrl> -riis ,J}\aJMas). I said it for the multi- swathed Laza.rus e.n additional miracle, just tude that standeth around. The use of as they augmented the force of the sup- 6x}\ov w<p1E!1"TQ/Tct rather than 'lov5a£ovs position involved in tile II(.. into the fa.et reveals the genuine langullge of our Lord that our Lord raised from death a putrefy- rather than that of the evangelist. To what ing corpse. Both suppositions would be does he refer, what saying has he uttered unnecessary adjuncts of the proof of the for the sake of this miscellaneous group? glory of God and power of Christ. Liicke Smely to the great declaration, "I thank and others refer to the habit of swathing thee that thou heardest me." His reason sepe.ra.te limbs, but in such a way as not for the audible utterance of his gratitude is, to impede motion if the person thus swathed "That they may believe that thou didst desired it. Meyer and Godet see no neces- send me." If he had not uttered this thanks- sity for the suggestion of t!J.e early writers. giving, the multitude would have glorified Kuinoel thinks that ,iijM, was used of the liim rather than his Fath.er, nor would they mere struggle of the swathed body to huve lea.rued., as now they may, that he escape. The above supposition is t!J.e most came forth from God. probable. So Westcott. (K<1p!ct., an /1,ra( Ver. 43.-And when he had thus spoken, A<"f0µ,11011 of the New Testament, is used of he cried with loud voioe. 'Et<pdryf%1T, is used girdle or bandage.) And his face was bound of the shout of a multitude (eh.xii 13, R.T.; about with a napkin. The surrounding of :,;:dii. 40; xi.x. 6, 15), and implies the loud, the fa.ce with a su.dariu.m is the touoh of an imperative comm.and to Death to give up his eye-witness. Jesus saith unto them, Loose prey, and relinquish the grasp which had, in him, and suffer him to depart; the po.rt which answer to his prayer, been already rel.e.xed. bystanders might perform; this was the wise The loud voice keeps up the image that death advice of Friend and Teacher. (For similo.r is a deep sleep. The critical moment in injunctions of e. physical and p1-actical kind Christ's own career hae arrived, when, having on other occasions, see Luke vii. 15 and viii. pledged the Father to this ma.nifostation 55.) The majestic miracle is no further of his own glory, he was prepared to take pressed by the ovaugelist, but left to tell its tLis :final step, however perilous to him- own sublime meaning, which in the multi- self; one which would finally demonstrate plicity of exegetical hypotheses we a.re in whether he was sent from God, or was da.ngtr of missing. merely boasting a power he did not pos_sess "Behold a man raised up by Christ. (cf. Elijah and the priesta of ~aal, l Kings The rest remaineth unrevea.led- xviii.). Observe the loud vo1ee, Laze.nu, He told it not ; or something sealed come forth! or, (Hither, out I); or, V e11i for<U J The lips of that evangelist." (Origen, Chrysoatom, Lampe, suggest that 1 Kc,l is omitted by B, 0, L, e..nd also b7 the awakening from death ha.cl already ;ii.ken pboce. Meyer nnd Alford conde111n Tiscbendorf {8th edit.), Alford, and }l.T, Oll. xr. L-G7.] THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. ,J(JHN. 97
Vere. 45-57.-(4) 'l7ie effeot of the mlraclt1 therefore gathered a oounoil. If a formal (sign) upon the multitude and on flu, autho- meeting of tbo grent council, if " the So.u- rities. Their final resolve, and it, bearing hedrin," bad been s,m,moned, the orticle upon the great 1aoriftce of Cal1Jary. would ~ave been need. (On the Sanhedrin, Vere, 45, 46.-Many therefore of the lews see Wrner, art. "Sanhedrin," in his 'Bib, whioh oe.me to Mary, and beheld that whioh R. Wort.;' Lange, in loo.; Edersheim, vol. I