The Pulpit Commentary — Galatians — Section 236

phetioal, but also in his disposa.l of hume.n commencement; is, in forlll, wanting, having aft'nirsso ordering the occurrences themselves in the framing of the eentencil got lost slght as that they should be propbetioal; furnish• of, through the parenthesis introduced im~ ing (so to speak) talJ!e.aiw vimants, in which medin.tely after this clause to illustrate ite tl10 fn.ith of his servants should read, if not bearing; for the words ,) Ille 11.,,., 'I,povua.11.~µ spiritual facts which were n.s yet future, nt of ver. 26 only in substance furnish the least spiritual facts after they had come to e.podosis to this prota.sis, being themselves pRss, the pl'opheti(lA,l adumbration of which, evolved out of what immediately precedes now recognized by them, would serve to them. The oovena.nt which is our mother is confirm their belief in them and their com- styled, in ver. 28," promise." Wlndischmann prehension of them. The fact thRt Christ proposes for a formally corresponding e.podo- repeatedly and most pointedly referred to sis something of this sort: 'H Ille o•v-rlpa, a,r' the strange experiences of Jonah as pro- obpa.vov ( or, iiv111t1,11), ds 111.evll•pla.v ,,,,,.,iilua, phetical of his own passion and resur- ;i.,.ir i.,..,.1 ':i.d.ppa, uvu-ra•x•• 111, -rii 11.,,., ·1,pov-' rection proves to a certainty that event.s uall.,!µ, fi h,Eutllpa il1'TI µe-ro. -riilr, T<ICVOIII might be predictive as well 88 utteranoes ab-r-ijs -roOTetrTUI .;.,µojv(or, o1-rwls itrµev ~µeis). of propnets. Our Lord's use of the story of " From Mount Sirial: " being promulgated the brazen serpent, of the gift of me.nna, from Mount Sinai, it takes its being tbere- e.nd of the Passover (Luke xxii. 16) points from. Whioh gendereth to bondage ( <ls in the same direction. We have also e.po- llovll.•lctv "Jf•vvwua); bearing clli1dren unto stolice.1 guide.nee in construing the Passover, bondage. •Those subject to a covenant a.re the Exodus, the story of Melcbisedec, regarded as its offspring : e.s Acts iii. 35, Abraham's offering up of his son, the yearly "Ye a.re the children . . . of the covenant," Fast of the Atonement, RB legitimately etc.:: their lives e.re moulded by its direc-· subject to similar treatment. Since the old tion; they come under the· protnises, or the economv with its histories and its ordinances discipline, assured· b:r its· terms; in short, originated from the so.me Divine Author e.s they owe to it their spiritual condition, the new, it is no unreasonable belief that in The apostle assumes it to be a manifest fact, the things of prepara.tory dispensations he having before repeatedly asserted it, that ba.d set foreshadowings, and in no scant those under the Law are in e. condition of, number, of those great things in the spiritual servitude. Which is Hagar (~-r,s lu-rl11"A')fa.p): economy which from "etema.1 e.ges" had which is Hagar. Tbe·meaning of ij-r,s here been bis thoughts towe.rds us, and in which is, "which being such in character as it is, the whole progress of human history was to is Ha.gar." This covenant, with its children, find its consummation. In the apostle's being wrapped in an element of slavery, is discussion of his subject there are in pa.rt dis- kindred in character with Hagar and her tinctly specified, in part merely indicated, offspring. It is objected that Ishmael was a great variety of contrasts ; these the not, in fact, e. slave. •But as Hagar does not reader will :find presented by Bengel in his appear to have been'e.•reoognized concubine • Gnomon ' in a t.abulated form with great of Abraham, in the same way as Bilhab distinctness. For these a.re the two oove- and· Zilpah were conoubines of Jacob, but na.nts; or, tutaments ( ali-ra, ')f4p •lu, 060 still continued to be Sarah's handmaid ("thy [Receptus, .,,,.,., af /160J ou,llij1<ai); for these maid," Gen. xvi. 6), her child was, of course, women are t:lDo em,enants. The Textus born into the same oondition. With Sarah's Receptus has al /l~o 0"19ij1<a1: bnt the article consent, it is true, Abraham might, if he is expunged by a.11 recent editors. What had thought fit, ha.ve adopted him as e._ child the apostle means is this: the circumstance of bis own ; but this does not appear to that Abra.bam had two wives pointed to the have been done. fact that there were to be, not one covenant Ver. 25.-For this Hagar is Mount Sinai only, but two. He has previously (eh. iii. in Arabia. This clause has been the subject 15, 17) spoken of "the promise " as e. cove- of much conflicting opinion. The reading of nant; while also this term was already a the Greek text is itself much debated, and familiar designation of the economy which in the original authorities (manuscripts, God appointed to the natural "seed of versions, and Fathers) it appears in a great Abraham." Compare also Jeremie.b's men- variety of forms. A detailed discussion of tion of these two " covenants " (xxxi. the latter point would he out of place here; 31). For the use of the verb "e.re," comp. e.nd for the premisses from which the critical Matt. xiii 37-39; Rev. i 20. A is B, and judgment is to be drawn, the reo.<lor fa B is A, in the chara.ct.eristics which they referred to Alford, and to e. detached note have in common. The Olle from the lllonnt which Bishop Lightfoot adds in his ' Com- lllllli (µ.fa µJ,- u1rb 6povs %tvii); 01l(j from mentary,' at the end.of 'this fourth chapter, Mount Sinai. The µla t,;, or, 11 t,; t, • .,,,.lpa, Only tbo main re1ult needs to be stated.· which should have followed to make the 'fhere a.re two forms of the text, between eequr,J Qf the R<:ntenee conformable with ite which the choice lloe. Ono is tbo.t of the OH', IV', 1-31,] THE EPIBTLE TO THE GALATIANS, 203