Textue Receptne, n11mely, To -yap' A-yap, ::Siva and 6pas belongs to the predicate ; that is, llpas lO"rlv Iv 'rp 'Apa/3111," For the word He.gar that 'A-yap must be expunged from the text, is Mount Sinai in Ara.bia." 'fhis is main- and the.t we adopt the other reading, Td "flip tained by Meyer, Alford, Ellicott, and San• ::!lwii 6pa, lcrrl, lv Tji 'Apa{li~, "For Sinai is day. 'fhe other, omitting the word 'A-yap, a mountain in Arabia.," the well-known land rune thus: Tb -yap ::swa //pas itTTlv lv Tii of Hagar snd her descendants; Gen. xvi. 7; 'Apafll'fl ." For Sinai is II mountain in Arabia." :ni. 2i; xxv. 18 (see Mr. Poole'~ articles on This is ll.Ccepted by Bentley, Lachmann, "Hagar" and " Shur" in the ' Dictionary Tregellee, Tischendorf (latterly), Bengel, of the Bible '). The article is prefixed to De Wette, ··Winclischme.nn, Howson, and ::!l,va as having been already jnst mentioned; Lightfoot. In respect to the original au- as if it were "for this Sina. is," etc. The thorities, there is not generally thought to purpose of the clanse, however it be read, is exist any great .preponderance in the evi- plainly to make more colournble the alle- dence for either the retention or the omission gorical exposition ; it explains why the of the word "Hagar." The decision, there• locality of the giving of the Law has been fore, depends chiefly upon e. comparison reforred to in the words, "one, from Mount of the internal probabilities. In order to Sinai "-a local specification quite alien to this, we must gain llS clear a view a.a we can the apostle's usual manner in referring to of the meaning of the above two readings. the old covenant, and only had recourse That of the Textus Receptus, To -ya.p'A-yap to here for this particular object. And ::!l,va Spas iO"rlv lv Tji 'Apa/31cf, according to answereth to (or, ia in the same rank with) Chrysostom, as well as modern critics, mee.ns Jerusalem whioh now is (crucrTa•x•• Ii, Tii """ 0
this: "For the word Hagar is [represents] 'lepauO'all.?Jµ); and standeth. in the same cla,a in Arabia Mount Sinai." Chrysostom re- (literally, in the same column) with the Jeru- marks, "Hagar is the word for Mount Sinai salem that now is. The use of the verb in the language of that country ; "and again, crutr'Ta1xe,v the reader will find amply illus- "That mountain where the old covenant trated in Liddell and Scott's 'Lexicon.' In was delivered, hath a name in ·common with the military language of Greece, illustrated the bondwoman." Critics make reference to out of Polybius, al cruO"ra,xauvres were those eh. i. 17, "I went away into Axabia." "It standing in the so.me file or column, one is difficult," says Dean Stanley, 'Sinai and behind another (as ol cru(u-yaunes were those Palestine,' p. 50, "to resist the thought that he standing side by side in the same rank). [St. Paul] too may have stood upon the rooks Hence, as if tabulated on a board, i, leas of Sinai, and heard from Arab lips the belonging to the same class, both types and often-repeated Hajar, rock, suggesting the autitypes, were conceived of as if placed in double meaning to which the text alludes." a vertical line in column, and so were called But the Axe.hie word for " rock" is chajar, truO'ra,xaunes: whilst ideas belonging to a. differing from Hajar, the Arabic form, of tlie class contrasted with the former, both types bondwoman's name, by having cheth for its and antitypes, were conceived of as placed initial letter instead of he. Further, the horizontally opposite to the former in another Ara.be would have used the word only as a column; the two sets of contrasted ideas common noun, "rock,'' and not as a proper being l&vr/gra,xa to each other. Thus iu. noun, the name of the mountain, St. Paul the present instance we have two columns- could not have mistaken the one for the Ha.gar, slave mother; Snrah, freewoman. other. There is no evidence at all to sub- Ishmnel, slave child; l:lelievers, free chil- stantiate Chrysostom'e assertion that the dren. Arabs did name the mountain Hagar; he Covenant from Sinai~ Prnmise. apparently thought so only because the Jerusalem th(lt now Jerusalem that is apostle seemed to him to affirm it. See is; etc. above: etc. Lightfoot further on this point. Moreover, thtJ sentence, "The word Hagar is Mount (Compare Eraemus's note in Poole's 'Synop- Sinai in Arabia.,'' is not what St. Paul would sis.') It is not improbable, us Bishop Light- have written to express this idea; either, foot observes, that St. Paul is alludin~ to instead of '' in Arabio" he would have some mode of represent(ltion common with written " in the language of the country;" Jewish teachers employed to exhibit simill\r or else, " for the Mount Sino.i is ea.lied Hagar allegories (see Bengel's note above r,,ferred in Arabi11." Another objection to this re(ld- to). Wo ml\y, therefore, couclu,le that tho ing is the order in which the words ::!l,va and subject of tho verb gu,rra,x••• wha(ever it is, ~po, stand. Elsewhere where the words are is rego.rde(l by the Rpostle as standmg m the conjoined the ordor is, as in ver. 2!, ~pas same cntegory with the now subsisting ::!lwii. 'fho pass(lges a.re these: Exod. xix. Jerusalem, especially in the particul,u re- 18, 20: xxiv. 26; xxxi. 18; xxxiv. 2; Noh. spect which be presently insists upon; ix. lS, A ots vii. 80. The revorsal of the nt\mcly, 11,s being olrnmct0rizc,l by slavery. order here indicates that :£,vii is tho subject, For this is the main poiut of this wholo 204 THE EPISTLE 'l'O THE GALATIA,~S. [en. IV', 1-31.