EzcwrS'U,S on tl,,e Testimony of Hegesippus as preserved by Eu.~ebi'U,8, ' Ecd. Hist.,' iii. xxxii. Eusebius quotes Hegesippus as saying that, till the death of the apostles, the Church had been as a pure virgin; but that when the apostles were all dea,l, -rij, aB,ov -r>...d.rq, .-¾,v clpx¾J., i>...J.µ/Jt1.J1<l' ~ uorrraau, imµious error was first fonned into a compact system, through the deceit of the false teachers (-rwv ,.-,poS,Bau1<a>...wv); who, now having no apostle to oppose them, dared to oppose the preaching of the truth by the preaching of science falsely so called (.-¾,v 1/l•vBwvvµov -yvwa-..,). The natural and obvious inference from this passage is that Hegesippus was acquainted with St. Paul's First Epistle to Timothy, and quoted its ipsissima verba to show what had taken place in spite of his apostolic warning, though in accorda1Jce with his apostolic prediction (1 Tim. iv.). The inpaB,BJ.a-1<11>...o, who lurked in 1<ecret in the apostle's time, and carried on their enterprise "against the HOund canon of saving doctri11e" in darkness, had now emerged into the light, and formed schismatical and heretical communities. The pas,age is a strong testimony to the authenticity of 1 Timothy. The suggestion that H,·gesippus was an Ebionite ii absolutely baseless. All we know of him stamps him as a Catholic Christian (see art. "Hegesippus," in the' Dictionary of Christian Biography'). The contradic- tion between Hegesippus's statement, and the representation of an incipient heresy existing in St. Paul's time, as gathered from 1 Timothy, exists only in Dr. Baur's imagination. E:ccursus on the Passage ,n <Jlement's ' Epi.,tle to the Corinthians' bearing upon St. Paul'., Vi.~t to Spain. The passage, as found in Hefele's e,lition of the •Apostolic Fathers,' is as follows: 'O nf..,.pos 3,4 (;jApJ' 4'3u(OJ' oUx, ,,,a otlB) 31Jo, ii>v\G ir,\fiov,u inrlv,-ylCEV ,r~vous, ,ea) oi:i'TCLt µapTv• p~trmr i-rop•v9-ri .:, .-bv 0'1>••>...&µoi,oi, .-ihrov -rijr 66(,Js. .O.ui (ij>...oi, Kml & Ilaii>...os oi1roµovijs /Jpa/Jiiov ~,r•trX•"• •rrrl.K« B,a-µd 1/>0p<tTO.S, l/>")'llB,v9.ts, >...,Baa-9,Cs. K~pvE -y,voµ,vos lv ... -rff avaoro>...ff Kill ,., rp aoa-.., ,-1, -Y<Vl'llWV .-ij, -rla-nw• aVTOV KA~OS l>...a/JEV, S11<a100"Vlf1JI' B,B~iu 3>...ov TOI' 1t&a-µov, ttal i-rl ,-~ .-ipµa .-ijs Sva-,wr l>...9wv, 11:al µap.-vp~a-111 i-rl .,..,., rryovµovm.,, 06-ro,s J.1r11,\>...d."Y11 .-oi: s&u,..ou, sal •l• ,.1,., ll-y1ol' .-&,ro., irop•v811, 1<,.-.,\. The exact English of the above is as follows: "Peter, on account of unjust envy, 1 underwent not one or two, but many labours, and so, having borne witnes8 [suffered martyrdom], he went to the place of glory which was his due. On account of envy." 1 Zij,\ov, diffloult to ~nslate ~ctly. It means envy, jeRlousy, anger, or any strong Jl88910D. 1'AI-T, EP18T C ni~ INTRODUCTION TO THE PASTORAL EPISTLES,
Paul too received the prize of endurance, having been in chaina seven times, expelled, stoned. Having preached [the gospel] both in the East and in the West, he obtained the noble reputation due to his faith. Having taught righteousness to the whole world, and having come as far as the utmost bounds of the West, and having borne witness [suffered martyrdom] before the rulers, he so passed out of the world, and came to the holy place," etc. It ill to be observed on the above passage: (1) That the coupling together of Pnter anrl Paul as martyrs is decidedly in favour of St. Paul's second imprisonment at Rome, anrl the ecclesiastical tradition which makes him anrl Peter suffer martyrrlom at the same time. (2) That the phrase µap-ruffl,ua.s, being used of both, is a proof that martyrdom, and not mere confession, is meant in St. Paul's ca.se, (3) That his having come to" the bounds of the West" must mean something precise and rlefinite, different from the general statement that be preached the gospel in the West. (4) That Clement, writing from Rome, would never have called Rome "the bound of the West," but that by Roman writers Spain, anrl especially Gades, or Cadiz, wae habitually described as the extreme western point. "Omnibus in terris qum sunt a Gadibus u~que Auroram et Gangem" (Juvenal,' Sat.,' x.). Statins calls Gades "cubilia solis;" Horace, "remotis Gadibus;" Silius Italicus, "hominum finem Gades." Geryon, King of Heeperia (the West), fed hie oxen in the island of Erythria (the isla de Leon, i.e. Gades), which was also the name of one of the Hesperides, whose abode was fixed by the earliest traditions on Oceanus, in the extreme West. Strabo calls Gadeira ,,,.xd-r71 iPipuµlvt1 ..-ijs ,,;is (iii. i. 8), "situated at the extreme end of the earth." He calls the promontory Hieron (near Gades) "the most western point [ or, • boundary-mark,' ,,..,,.,,or], not only of Europe, but of the whole world " (iii. i. 4). Pindar, too, speaks of Gades as the point beyond which no mortal could advance (' Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography,' art. "Herculis Columnai "). So that to a Roman, ..-,pµa. ..-ijs 116a-....s would be the natural description of Gades. And it ill to Gades that Venantiue Fortunatus sends St. Paul. "Transit et ocean um, vel qua. facit ineula portum," etc., which, of course, means Gades. (5) The visit to the extreme bounds of the West immediately ;erecedes hi11 martyrdom at Rome, in Clement's enumeration of St. Paul's doings. (6) The use of oll..-•s, iu the passage about St. Peter which precedes, teaches us not to put a full stop after vrouµ,vwr, and begin a new sentence with oi!n,,s, as in the Latin version in Hefele, and Dr. Farrar's quota- tion; but to construe it, ae ie much more natural and more in accordance with Greek idiom, with d.r.,w'YT/ (as the previous o!J..-,. ie with brop.f,e.,), as referring to the circum- stances under which he paeeed away and went to a better place. (7) The ma~usc~pt text of Clement ie very imperfect. The difficulty of breaking. up the passage into its component parts, due apparently to the absence of proper copulative parti~lee, ~ay probably be assigned to this cauee. But there ie no ground whatever for aaymg, with Dr. Farrar (p. 606), that, u if Spain ill intended, and if µa.p-ruffl,<1'a.s means' martyrdom,' then the author, taken literally, would imply that St. Paul perished in Spain," What 1 he writer aays is that, having successively taught righteousness to the whole world, reached the utmost bounds of the West, and suffered martyrdom before the rulers, he at last pai!80d out of this world and received his reward in the kingdom of heaven. (See translation of the• Epistle of Clement' in Bishop Lightfoot'e 'Appendix to St. Clement of Bome,' which agrees substantially with that given above.) THE FIRST EPISTLE OF
PAUL TO TIMOTHY. EXPOSITION.