The Pulpit Commentary — 1 Timothy — Section 64

the highest degrett improbable th0.t St. P0.0l ( ip,:>..d!•vo"; a.e Titus i. 8 e.nd I Pet. iv. 9). should have 10.id down such a condition The subste.ntive ct,1;1.o(,vla. is found in Rom. for the prieethood. There is nothing in his xii. 13 ; Heh. xiii. 2. Apt to teaoh (8,- writings when tre0.ting exprossly of second 8a1C-r11C6v); only here and 2 Tim. ii. 24, and marriages (Rom. vii. 2, 3; I Cor. vii. S, 39) Philo,• De Prmm. et Virt.,' 4 (Buther). The to suggest the notion of there being any- classical word is 81Ba0'1<al\11COs, though chiefly thing disreputable in a second marriage, applied to things. In the above-quoted and it would obviously cast a great slur passage in I Pet. iv. the gifts of •peaking upon second marriages if it were laid down and ministering are, as here, ple.ced along- as a principle that no ono who he.d married side that of lwspitality. twice was fit to be an l,rlO'Ko,ros. But if Ver. 3.-No brawler for not gfoen l-0 toine, we consider the general lai:ity in regard A. V.; the R. T. omits the clause 1-'t, alO'xpo- to marriage, 0.Dd the fBCility of divorce, "'PS;j; gentu for patient, A.V.; enntentimu which prevailed among Jews and Romane for a brawler, A. V.; no l<n,er of money, for at this time, it must have been a common notC011el-Oua, A. V. No bra.wler (.uh ,rd.poi,ov); thing for a man to have more than one only here a.nd Titus i. 7 ; but, as well a.s woman living who had been his wife. And ,ra.polvws, common in cla.ssical Greek, in the this, 9.8 a distinct breach of the primeval sense of "qua.rrelsome over wine." In law (Gen. ii. 24), would properly be a bar Matt. xi. 19 and Luke vii. 34 "wine- to any one heing ea.lied to the "office of a bibber" is oiv..,,.&-r71s. In I Pet. iv. 3 the bishop." The ea.me Cl!.8e is supposed in word for "excess of wine" is olvoct,:>..u.,,,a. I Cor. vii. 10-13. But it is utterly unsup- No striker (J,4¾ ,r:>..f11C-r1w); only here a.nd ported by any single p9.8eage in Scripture Titus i. 7. It is used, though rarely, in that a. second me.rrie.ge should disqualify cla.seical Greek for a •• striker," "brawler." a man for the sacred ministry. As regards There is but weak me.nnecript authority the opinion of the early Church, it was not for the reading in the T.R., .UTI alO'xooKeplii;, at all uniform, and amongst those who held not given to filthy lucre, which is thought that this p9.88age absolutely prohibits second to have been derived from Titus i. 7 (q.?7.). marriages in the case of an epillc-0pus, it The internal evidence, however, is in its was merely a part of the asceticism of the favour, a.a something is wanted to correspond day. As a matter of course, such writers to a.ct,i>..dnupov, just 9.8 ,rdpoivov and -r:>..fJKT7JV as Origen and Tertullia.n held it. The oorreepond to brmicii and 6.p.axov respec- very early opinion that Joseph, the husband tively. Gentle (l-rmicii); as Titus iii. 2. of Mary, had children by a former wife, So also it is rendered in the A.V. of Jas. which finds place in the ProtevBDgelium of iii. 17; 1 Pet. ii. 18. It is very common Ja.mes (ix.), is hardly consistent with the in classical Greek, in the sense of "fair," theory of the disreputableness of second " meet," " suitable,'' of things ; and nf marriages. In like manner, the phrase in "fa.ir," "kind,'' "gentle,'' of per,ons. The oh. v. 9, ivbs a.11Bpos 'l'ulMJ, is best explained substantive f1r,u,celrz means " clemency," in accordance with the apostle's doctrine "gentleness,'' (Acts xxiv. 4; 2 Cor. x. 1). about the lawfulness of a woman's eE:cond Not contentions (6..ua.xov); only here and marriage, 9.8 meaning that she was the Titus iii. 3 in the New Testament, and in husband of one man only, as long as her Ecclus. xix. 5 in the Complntensia.n edition. husband lived. (For the chief patristic It is also used in this sense in lEschylus, opinions on the subject, see Bishop Words- • Persm,' 955, though its more common mean- worth's note, and Bingham's • Christiflll ing in classical Greek is "invincible." No Anti9.nities,' bk. iv. eh. v.) Temperate lover of money {l&ip,;1.dP"fVpov) ; only here (1171~ov); peculiar to the pastoral Epistles and Heh. xiii. 5. 'Aipi>..,.,,-,,,pla occurs in (see ver. 11 and Titus ii. 2), but found Hippocratee. The positive ip,;l.a.nupos, in ol9.8sical Greek. The verb IMJ<P•iv means ct,,:>..a.nupla, occurs in eh. vi. 10; 2 Tim. iii. "to be sober" (I TbE\811. v. 6; 2 Tim. iv. 5; 2; Luke xvi. 14. Neither the A.V. nor 1 Pet. i. 13; iv. 7; v. 8). It denotes that the R.V. quite preserves the form of the temperate use of meat and drink which original sentence, where the three negative keeps the mind watchful and on the alert, que.lities (.uTI ,rapo1>ov, J,&,I ,r:>.../,KT7Jv, .u-li aJqxpo- and then the state of mind itself so pro- K<pli;j, T.R.) are followed by three positive duced. The opposite state of mind is qualities (,..-m,,;j, 6.J,&a.xov, iiip,;1.tlp-yupov-- described in Luke xxi. 34. Sober-minded " gentle,'' " peaceful," and " indifferent (O't/,<f>pova.); in the New Testament only about money"). here and in Titus i. 8; ii. 2, 5. But Ver. 4.-0ne that rnleth well his own O'w<f>poviw is found in the Gospels and house. The 1-rrluKo,ros is one who has to Epistles; O'w<f>povl(w, O'w<f>pov,o-µ.os, O'w4>p&vws, preside over and rule (1rpol0'-ro.0'6a.,) the house in the pnstoro.l Epistles; and O'wcf>pouov71 in of God (eh. v. 17; Rom. xii. S; I Thess. v. oh. ii.15 (where see note). Orderly (1<00'J,41ov; 12), as the high p1itst was cnlleJ "rukr of aee ah. ii. 9, note). Given to hospitality the house of God" (1 Chron. i1. 11; Noh. 52 THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. [oa. m. 1-16.