The Pulpit Commentary — 1 Timothy — Section 132

literally or lgnratively (Luke xi. 48; Epb. ful guard over the &Ith committed to hi■ ii. 20; Rev. ui. U, eto.). There is, at trust; to pree~r,·e it unaltered and unoorrupt, first Bight, a manifeat oonfueion of meta- so as to hand 1t down to his euoccssore exactly phors in the pbl'RB6, "laying up in store a. the enmc as he had received it. Oh that the foundation." Bishop Ellicott, following successors of the apostles had always kept Wieeinger, nndemanda '"a. wee.Ith of good this precept (see Ordination of Priests) I worke 1111 a. foundation." Alford BOOS no Turning a.way from (lr<-rpuroµ,vos) • onlv diJBoulty in oonsidering the "foundation" here in the middle voioe, "turning 'from r, 1111 a treasure. Others have oonjeotured ,m- "avoiding," with a transitive sense. In the ,.f/A,ov, "a. Btored tre&sure," for 8,µ.b..,ov. passive voice it means "to turn out of the Others nndereb.nd e,µ.i>-,ov in the sense of path," as in oh. i. 6; v. 15; 2 Tim. iv. 4. 8'µ.a, a deposit. Others ta.ke l,,ro911tra.vp((,.., The profane ba.bblinge (see oh. iv. 7; 2 Tim. in the sense of" a.oquiring," without referenoe ii. 16); 1<<110,pow(a; only here and 2 Tim. ii. to its etymology. But this ie unlikely, the 16, "the utterance of empty words,'' "worda oont.ext being about the uee of money, though of the lips" (2 Kings xviii. 20). Oppositions in pa.rt favoured by the nee of 811tra.vpl(.,., in (&.,.,.,9/trm); here only in the New Testa- 2 Pet. iii. 7. The reader must choose for ment. It is a term used in logio and in himself either to adopt one of the above rhetoric by Plato, Aristotle, etc., for " op- explanations, or to credit St. Paul with an positions" and "antitheses," laying one llllimportant confusion of metaphors. Any- doctrine by the side of another for compari- how, the doctrine ie clear that wealth spent son, or contrast, or refutation. It seems to far God and his Church is repaid with allude to the particular method used by the interest, and becomes an a.biding treasure. heretics to establish their tenets, in opposi- Life indeed (nir /l,,.,-,.,r (,.,ijr); eo eh. v. 3, 5, tion to the statements of the Church on 'T4S liV'TGJS xfipa.s, ;, orrro,s xfipa, "widows particular pointll-t!uch as the Law, the indeed;" and (John viii. 36) 6rrra,s l>-d,9,po&, Resurrection, eto. The knowledge whioh is "free indeed," in opposition to the freedom falsely so oalled. There is a very similar which the JeWB claimed as the seed of intimation of the growth of an empty philo- Abraham. sophy, whose teaching was antagonietio to Ver. 20.~rd for keep, A. V.; ~nto thu the t.eaching of Christ in Col. ii. 8, and with for to thy trwt, A. V.; turning away from for whioh St. Paul contrasts the true -yvrI,a,s in a.flOiding, A. V.; the profane for profane and ver. 3. Thie was clearly the germ (called mm, A. V.; tAe knou,ledge v,hich ia falsely for by Bishop Lightfoot "Gnostic Judaism") of ,oien,,e, Ja,L,ely, A. V. Guard that which is what w1111 later more fully developed as the oommitted unto thee; .,.:q,, .,...,,..s,l,nw ( ,r4Pa· G=Btie heresy, which, of course, derived its ...,.a.M,,nw, T.R.). Gva.rd for keep is hardly name from -yvii>a,s, lmowledge or science, to an improvement. The meaning of "keep," which they laid olaim (see Bishop Light- like that of ,pvM'T'Too, is to guard, keep 1Datch foot's able • Introduction to the Epistle to - • and, by so doing, to pre.aene safe and Colossians,' specially p. 100; and his notes uninjured. This meaning is well brought on eh. ii. 8, aqq.). out in the familiar words of _Pa. cxxi., "He Ver. 21,-You for thee, A.V. and T.R. that keepeth thee will not slumber. . . . The R.T. omits Amen. Professing (l,ra.'Y"f•A• He that keepeth Iarael shall neither slumber 1o.&µwo,).; see eh. ii. 10, note. Have erred nor 11leep. The Lord himself is thy Keeper" (i,n&x11tra.,,); eh. i. 6, note. Graoe be with (10 too Pa. cuvii 1; Gen. :uviii 15, etc.). you. The authorities for aoii and ,J~., re- Da.pa.Dfi'"I or 1rapa,cm.,-a,8fi'"I, occurs elsewhere sp!;lctively are 1omewhat evenly balanced. in the New Testament only in 2 Tim. i. 12, The T.R. aoii seems in itself preferable, u H, where the apostle uses it (in ver. 12) of throughout St. Paul addresses Timothy per- hie own soul, which he has committed to the sonally, and e.s there are no salutatious here, aafe and faithful keeping of the Lord Jesus as in 2 Timothy and Titus ( see eh. i. 18 ; iii. Christ; but in ver. H in the same sense as H; iv. 6, eto.; vi. 11, 20). This shorter here. "That good thing which was com- form,;, xdp,s, is used in the pastoral Epietlea mitted unto thee guard [' keep,' A. V.J." (2 Tim. iv. 22 ; Titus iii. 35) for the fuller There does not seem to be any difference and more usual form, 'H xo.p,s .,-oii Kvplou ;,µw• between ,ra.pa.9~1<11 and 1ra.(JClKa-ra9~,c1/, which 'l11trou Xp,a.,-oii (Rom. xvi. 20; 1 Cor. xvi. 23; both mean "a deposit," and are used in- 2 Thess. iii. 18, and elsewhere), The short differently in classical Greek, though the form a.lso occurs in Heb. xiii. 25. The latter is the more common. TLe precept to words a.re a graoiowi, peaceful eading &o ~• Timothy here i:; to kP.ep diligent and watch- Epiatle. CJII, TI, 1-21.] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 126