The Pulpit Commentary — Revelation — Section 164

• da7;" and Tacltu, • Ann.," i. 17, 26, "Ut action of opening the eeal. Of the /ourlTa deoariua diumum stipendium roret.'' Cf. living l>eing (see on eh. iv. 6). The indi- Tobit •· H, where irool&ina is equivalent vidual is not specified (see on Yer. l); but to dimari•). The chmnix was the eighth Wordsworth specifies the living being like part or tbe modius, and a denariua. would a flying eagle, by which he underetauds,the llldally puruhase a modi.na or wheat. The Gospel of St. John (but see on eh. i:,-. 6). prille ~un, therefore, denotes groo.t IICILl'City, Saying. Though AeyOJHl'flfl, the feminine though· DOt an entire absence or food, since accusative, to agree with .,,.,.,,s.,, "voice," a mail's wages would ~ suffice to obtain ia adopted in the 'l'extwi .Rooeptns. and hba food. . Barley, which was• the coarser suppor.ted by the sole authority of 1. yet food, Wfill .. obtainable. at one-tlijrcl or the K, A, B, o.. P, and otbel'$ nod 11,~or, price,c,which ~ allow. • man ta feed a the masanline gen,\Yve, agreeing with ("°"t family, though with difficulty. A - - of "living being." Com.eaai.see. The Beriled great &mreity is therefore cpredioted, though :Venion omits "and see"<- on Yer.I). in his wrath God remembers rn-,, (c£ 11 0ome" ia probably a d ~ to St. Joh11 the judgmenta threatened ,in Le:,-. xui. (see ou vcr. l). • • 28~26. viL the sword, pestilence, and Ver. s.-.&ullookedi I,a111. The usual fa.mine; also the expreaaion, "Tl1ey shall expreaaion drawing attentioa to • lM!w Bight deliv~'l" you your bread again by weight"). or fresh phase t>f the vision (see on eh. iv. 1; AJUi aee thou hl111 not the oil and the wizlL ver. 2, etc.}. And l>ehol~ a pale Mrse. Pale The eorollary to the preceding aentence, {xA.,pdr, "gre61iish-white,livid "); the oolonr witll the same signification. It exprea- of one. stricken with dieoo.se 01 .~ . or a 'limit set to the power of the rider on the mOYed with emotions or terror. The same black honie. The.se were typical articles Gf word ia u-1 of the green gmss in oh. viii. ·1 food (of. Pa. civ. H, 15, "Tha.t he may bring and in Mark vi. 39, and of the vegetation in forth food out of the earth; and wine that oh. ix. i; but, applted to m,rn, it is generally maketh. glsd the.1-.rt of man, and oil to connected with terror, disease, OJ' d~th. :make his face to shine, and bread which Tlie G1"8ek poets uae it as an epithet of fear, . etreugtheneth man's hoort; n and Joel i. 10, and Thuoydidea thus deecribea. the ooloul' of "' 1'he corn is wasted : the new wine ill dried persona atftlllted hy the plague. Anil hi.I uri, the oil langulaheth "). W otdaworih name that aat on him. 11'&1 Death, and Rell interpret.ii. " 1'he prohibition to the rider, followed 1rith him. . The preposition dift'era .' Hurt not thou tlie oil .and the wine,' ill a from that Dllt'd in the preceding vel'B88: it is restraint on the evil dlll!ign of the rider, who here l,rcu,.,,"above,"not i•f;"upon." .And he would injure the spiritual oil and wine, u,/w , _ ,itting allow him, hi, Mme (wa@) that is, the mesna·of grace, which had been Death. Here we have it plainly stated tl111t typified under thOBe symbols in ancient the vision ia a pel'BOnificalion of Veath- prophecy (Ps. uiij. 4, li), and also by the death in general, death in anyandevory way, ,rorda and aots of Christ, the good Samari- as indieated in the lattei: p11d of the vene, tan, pnuring in oil and wine into the wouncbi Thi.a supports the view takon of the first of the traveller,.repreaenting human nature, three Yisioni of the ~eats <- on ver. 2). lying in the mad." 'AB~crpr: AB,,c~i',, in Hadea follows with DealA., not as a separaie the ffevelation iuvariabl:y signifies "to in- inOiotion, but as the neqesaary complement jure," and,. exoept in one ease, takes the of Death in the.completion of. the vision, direet accusative after it (ree oh. ii. 11; awru.lowing up and. guarding, a.a iJ were, vii. 2. S; ix, i. 10, 19; xi. 5). Nevertheless, those seized by the latter. Deat1, is per- .Heinrich and Elliott nmder, "Do not .com- llOUified in a similar way in Ps. xliL H, mit injustice in the matter of the oil and "Like sheep they are laid in the grave ; ..wine." Rinek renders, "waste nc,t." 1'he death shall feed on them;" and Hade. in vision is a general prophtlll,Y of the future Isa. xiv. 9, "Hell from beneath is moved /or all time (see on ver. 5); but many for thee to moot thee at thy coming." 'l'he writera have a&riven to identify the fulfil- two are also conjoined in eh. L 18, " The ment or the vwon with BOme one particular keys of hell l'lld of death:" and in oh. :u. famine. Grotius and Weta~n refer it to UI, 14. 14 Death and hell delivered up the the eecclty in the day~ of Claudius; Renan, dead." Hades cannot signify the pluoe of to..that in the tune of Neto; DYlop Newton, torment, a.a Hengstenberg thiziks, Bi,nce th- to. the end of the second. oentocy. .·Those trials a.re to be inffieted on Christjans, •~ who interpret the vision as a forewarning on the wicked m8fe]y. Npr is it consonant of the 11prea.d of heresy, especially single with the context to suppose (as Eb:rard) that out. that pt Arias. . Hadea Bignifiee "the d welle?I! in Hodes." Ver. 7.-Alld when he· had opened the .Alld power '11&1 giv~ llJlto them. The read- .tov.rtli ....i, I. heard the voioe of the fqurth ing "them" is sqpported by A, C, [P], tt, .bl!IMI: ..,. ; toMJt ~ opetltd. as in Y,81'8. l, s, R 17, 49 (1.4,Q e ail) Andreas; while B an!l arid i. Tho evou• pam.ttd aoeom,pany the the.Vnlgllte l'8i!'d tJ,,,ti,," him.." 'l'heoon~t ii&. VJ. l-11.] THE REVELATION OJ!' ST. JOHN' THE mvmE; .18'i'