great-contrast is ilie. to th'e. fo?JnCl' chapter. Order In Nmnb.'11: Order In Ezek. ilvllll. 30. Th' oll.; ·~+H. 11 was·~~ a. pi:~tiue or'a harlot; East- : · · East- the tlnfaitl).frtl p~ tif Christ's bhm:ch ~·here · ··Judal'l. JCJScph. we lla~:·~~dlls'cnJl:~on of thoae_}vho )ia:ve lssMhM',·· Benjamin. b8iin ";'tru,t~trl'unttt d~ath" (eh. ~1. lQj; a11d • 2,f_buJ,iµ;i. Dan. w1iaae' iM:lty and faithfulness are symbolized· North- · ]iurl}j:.:_ . und\11· t1ie ti!!llre tif the ""·wi:ftfot the Umb 1, Dani· :Reuben.. (se'eon cb;'bii:''l). ,'.). ;'··,,:i,,:,:.: :i Asher. · 'Jbdab; '"Vllf. fO,.;....b«f-he oarried'111.e away1n t'ho Naphtal!.. ~v· 512 THE REVELATION OF· ST. JOHN THE DIVINE. [CH. xxL 1-27,
&mth- &uth- of the city as just l'E!lated. 11,nd the holy of Reuben, Simeon, holies (!lids 1upra) almoat seems to_ ha.ve Simeon. Issaehar. insensibly suggested the transition from Gad. Zebulon. Bi,a(lia to. cubit.. The. discrepanoy between Weat- West- the height of the city, which is twelve Ephrii,im. Gad. thousand fitrlongs (ver. 16), and the height · lfanasseb. Asher. of the wall, which is a hundred and forty- Benjamin. Naphtali. four cubits, has:led to. the:suggestion that in the height of the oi,ty is included the Ver. 14.-And the wall of the city had hill on which it stands (Alford). Others twelve foundaUolis, and ip. them the name■ understand that the wpll is purposely de- of the twelve apo■tlea of the Lamb ; and scribed as of small h"ight, because the 01I (hem twelt1e names, etc. (cf. Epb. ii. 20), writer wishes to indicate that" the most in- The imagery is, of course, symbolical, and considerable wall is sufficient to exclude all there can; therefore, be no que~tion 11,S to that is impure" (Dii.&terJiieck). Accor,Ung iudividual names of apostles, e.g. whether to the measure of a man, that is, of the angel; St. Matthias or St. Paul is the' twelfth. of an angel. That is, the measu~•h\Jre used Soine wrifors have, without sufficfont reason, by the angel is that used. by men (cf. "the brought forward this verse as indicating number of a man," eh. xiii. 18). . . ~t the wri~ of the Apooa.lypse was not Ver. 18.-And the building of the wall ali"apost)e. . .. of it was of ju.sper: and the city was pure Ver. 15...:...And he that. talked with me gold, like unto clear glasa; pure g1.as& The had & golden reed to mean.re the city, and exceeding brightness-and purity is the idea the ptel thereof, and the wall thereof; oontafned in both expressions~the light of had/or a measure a golden reedjo measure, ver.11, whioh is there u.ssociated with jasper etc. "He that .spak~ " is the angel of ver. 9· and crystal. (On "jasper,'' see on ver. 11 (of. th'~ action of oh. xi. 1; and Ezek. xl. and eh. i_v. 3.) The whole description is, 3, 5; ·xm. 15, et seq.). HE!:i'e the measuring ill evidently to indicate the large extent of of cour~ typical, not literal. Ver. 19.-And the fo1111.dationa of the wall tl1e city (see on oh. xi. 1). The reed. is of the city were ff$ni.illhed 'with all manner golden, u.s.being _the typical heavenly ma- of preoiou1 stones. Omit "and" (cf. Isa. teri&I. · · liv, 12, ".All thy borders of . pleasant Ver, 16'.-Ail.d the citJ, 1ieth foursquare, stones"). Foundations (cf.,ver. · H). The and the le!lgth is u large as the breadth. :first foundation was j1uper. Probably the The shape is doubtless typiealof'tliat which diamond ·csee on .eh. iv._ 3). ·. The second, is C<implet11 and symmetrical, to which sapphire. Thought to be the modern lapis- nothing 'is wanting to render the shape Iazuli. It was of a clear blue colour (Exod. perfec1;. . The word .,. •.,.p<!")'fllvos, " four- xxiv. 10), and very precious (Joh xxviii. sqnare," is thus used by Greek_ philoaophio 16). The third, a chalcedony, Not the wri'.tcrs. · And he measured the oity with modern stone of that name, but a green the reed, twelve tho111and ·furlOilg■, That carbona.te of copper, found in the mines of is, in each direction. (On a-ro(~,ov, "furlong," Chalcedon. It was, therefore, a kind of in- eee eh. ~iv. 20.) The number twelve thou- ferior emerald. The fourth, an emerald. sand, which is the number of the sealed in 'l'he same as the modern stone (cf, oh. iv. 3). each tribe (oh. vii.), is typical of (1) a. large Ver. 20.-The :llfth, sardonyx. A variety number, (2) a. complete number (see on ver. of agate-a kind of onyx, valued for its use 12). . There s~ms to be i~ this description in engraving into cameos. The name Qnyx a, designed reference to tLe literal Babylon appears to be owing to. the resemhlanl.'.e in (see _timith's 'Dictionary of the .Bible,' colour to the finger-nails. The sixth, sar- art. " Babylon "). The length and the di1l8. Probably the modern carnelian (see breacJth and the height of it are equal The on eh. iv. 3). The.seventh, chrysolyte. A plain meaning seems to be tha.t the city variety of the geni of which. that' called forms a vaet cube, and this is typic11l of its topaz (the ninth stone) is another kind. perfect nil.trire. The account given is that This species cont.-uned a , considerable of a vision, and 11ot of a. reality, nud amount of yellow colour, whence the name tluirefore there is no need to attempt to "golden stone." It hu.s been suggested that reduce the enormous dimensions given here, it is identical wit)l the nrodern jacinth or as is done by some writers. The holy of amber. The eighth, beryl. A variety; of holice wu.s iliils cubical in shape (1 Kings emerald, of less decided green shade than Ti. 20). the pure emerald. The ninth, a topu. Not Ver. 17.-And he measured the wall the modern topaz, but a. variety ofchryso- thereof, an hudred and forty and four cµbita. lite (see tl!,e sevep.th stone, mpra), of a (For the signification of the number, see on yellowish-green colour, the latter pre- lb. Yii. f.) The parallel between the share domin11ting. the teuth. " ~aoprua, (lit'. xxr. 1-27.J THE REVELATION OF ST. JOHN TILE,-DIVU{E. 5IS